Glycoside proteins

Laser desorption methods are particularly useful for substances of high mass such as natural and synthetic polymers. Glycosides, proteins, large peptides, enzymes, paints, ceramics, bone, and large... 

Hydrolysis Polysaccharides, glycosides, proteins, lipids, esters... 

Nitrogen-containing compounds, that include alkaloids, glycosides, proteins, polypeptides, amines and non-protein amino acids. 

Arundo donax L. A. phragmites L. (Syn. Phragmites communis) Lu Zhu Lu Gen (root) Glycosides, protein, asparagin.49 Stomachic, antiemetic, antipyretic, in acute arthritis, jaundice, pulmonary abscess, food poisoning. 

Up until now, most of the published work on the SFE of natural products has been concerned primarily with nonpolar substances such as essential oils, lipids, flavor, and fragrance ingredients. However, recent reports have shown that some polar plant constituents (e.g. flavonoid glycosides, proteins, and steroidal glycosides) can be extracted by SFE as effectively as conventional organic solvent extraction. Examples of SFE applications for natural products are well reviewed in several literature sources [19-22]. 

Type 1 and 2 chains are found on glycoproteins, glycosides, or glycosaminides as well as glycolipids, type 3 chain especially on glycoside proteins, and type 4 chain only on glycolipids. 

In general, nonconventional protein foods must be competitive with conventional plant and animal protein sources on the bases of cost delivered to the consumer, nutritional value to humans or animals, functional value in foods, sensory quality, and social and cultural acceptability. Also, requirements of regulatory agencies in different countries for freedom from toxins or toxic residues in single-cell protein products, toxic glycosides in leaf protein products, pathogenic microorganisms, heavy metals and toxins in fish protein concentrates, or inhibitory or toxic peptide components in synthetic peptides must be met before new nonconventional food or feed protein products can be marketed. 

Because digitoxin is a nonpolar, lipophilic glycoside, absorption from the GI tract is complete. About 90% of the dmg in plasma is tightly bound to protein. It is metabolized in the Hver to many metaboHtes, including digoxin which is the only pharmacologically active metaboHte. The dmg is excreted via the bile into feces. The elimination half-life of digitoxin is seven to nine days (87). 

By far the majority of carbohydrate material in nature occurs in the form of polysaccharides. By our definition, polysaccharides include not only those substances composed only of glycosidically linked sugar residues but also molecules that contain polymeric saccharide structures linked via covalent bonds to amino acids, peptides, proteins, lipids, and other structures. 

FIGURE 10.8 A schematic diagram of the Na, K -ATPase in mammalian plasma membrane. ATP hydrolysis occurs on the cytoplasmic side of the membrane, Na ions are transported out of the cell, and ions are transported in. The transport stoichiometry is 3 Na out and 2 in per ATP hydrolyzed. The specific inhibitor ouabain (Figure 7.12) and other cardiac glycosides inhibit Na, K -ATPase by binding on the extracellular surface of the pump protein. 

The tjipanazoles (18, 19a-d, 20a-b) a group of A-glycosides of indolo-[2,3-a]carbazole, have been isolated from the moderately antifungal extract of the blue-green alga Tolypothrix tjipanasensis. These alkaloids do not exhibit antitumor or protein kinase C (PKC) inhibitory activity, which is in contrast with the... 

Glycoconjugate (Section 25.6) A biological molecule in which a carbohydrate is linked through a glycoside bond to a lipid or protein. 

Nucleophilic attack by water generally results in the cleavage of the amide, glycoside, or ester bonds that hold biopolymers together. This process is termed hydrolysis. Conversely, when monomer units are joined together to form biopolymers such as proteins or glycogen, water is a product, as shown below for the formation of a peptide bond between two amino acids. 

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