Glycol nucleic acid

Evdokimov, Y.M., Pyatigorskaya, T.L., Polyvtsev, O.F., Akimenko, N.M., Kadykov, V.A., Tsvanki, D.Y. and Marshavsky, Y.M. (1976) A comparative x-ray diffraction and circular dichroism study ofDNA compact particles formed in water-salt solutions, containing polyethylene glycol). Nucleic Acids Res., 3, 2353-2366. 

Glycol nucleic acid (GNA) is a simplified DNA analogue that has an acyclic three-carbon propylene glycol phosphodiester backbone (Fig. 4) (39). Variable temperature ultraviolet (UV) spectroscopy was used to demonstrate that complementary 18-mer GNA oligomers that contain T and A bases form antiparallel, helical duplexes based on Watson-Crick base pairing, which are more stable than the analogous DNA or RNA duplexes. No NMR or X-ray structure of GNA or hybrid GNA-DNA duplexes is yet available. Both GNA and LNA oligomers can be synthesized by standard solid-phase DNA synthetic methods, because the backbone of both molecules is formed by phosphodiester bonds. 

Glycol nucleic acid (GNA) A simplifled synthetic analog of DNA and RNA with a backbone consisting of repeating... 

Other backbone modifications that have been reported are oligo(dT) in which the entire phosphate group is replaced by ferrocene for electrochemical studies, and a crystal structure of the known glycol nucleic acid (GNA) (9) which was found to form a N-type conformational structure. ... 

Mueller [103-104] has adopted the polyethylene glycol)-dextran partition system pioneered by Albertson [105] to develop an efficient chromatographic method for the resolution of proteins and nucleic acids. He used supports such... 

A combinatorial approach for biocatalytic production of polyesters was demonstrated. A library of polyesters were synthesized in 96 deep-well plates from a combination of divinyl esters and glycols with lipases of different origin. In this screening, lipase CA was confirmed to be the most active biocatalyst for the polyester production. As acyl acceptor, 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl esters and vinyl esters were examined and the former produced the polymer of higher molecular weight. Various monomers such as carbohydrates, nucleic acids, and a natural steroid diol were used as acyl acceptor. 

There is always interest in the photochemistry of the pyrimidine nucleic acid bases and related simple pyrimidinones, due to its importance in genetic mutation. In addition to damaging DNA, photo-induced reactions may also repair the damage, as in the reduction, by FADH, of the thymine glycol 64 back to thymine <06JACS10934>. Another report related to repair of DNA involved a model study, by means of the linked dimer 65, of the involvement of tryptophan in the electron-transfer leading to reversion of thymine oxetane adducts <06OBC291>. 

The reaction of the p-nitrophenyl esters with the polymer (4) was studied in dimethyl sulfoxide ( DMSO ) solution in the presence of triethylamine at 25°C. The poly-L-lysine derivatives obtained have different IR absorption spectra from those of the starting compounds, and have absorptions assigned to the nucleic acid bases. Poly( e,N-Ade-L-lysine )(5) was soluble in DMSO and ethylene glycol, and also in water below pH 3, where it was present as a protonated form. In dimethylformamide (... 

Through van der Waals and hydrophobic interactions, CNTs were functionalised and made water soluble by the strong adsorption of phospholipids (PLs) grafted onto amino-terminated polyethylene glycol (PEG). The group of Dai bound nucleic acids (DNA and RNA) and proteins to CNTs for specific detection of antibodies (Chen et al., 2003 Kam et al., 2005a, b Liu et al., 2007b). 

It is often desirable to go through a postlysis separation/concentration step prior to chromatography. Concentration methods involve the use of ammonium acetate and polyethylene glycol precipitation to further remove host proteins and small nucleic acids. These methods also reduce the volume of the sample (or the process streams) prior to chromatographic purification. The separation may also involve centrifugation and filtration to remove cell debris. 

Careful design was used by Seeman to prepare complementary DNA strands that self assemble into a cube with 20 nucleotide pairs along each edge. Other derivatives include nylon DNA , through the synthesis of peptide nucleic acids (PNA), and polyethylene glycol derivatized DNA. Figure 8.1 illustrates the DNA knots that can be prepared using these techniques. 

As far as quantitative chemical derivatization GC analysis is concerned, it is necessary to mention especially the work of Gehrke and his collaborators, who specified the fundamental concepts of quantitative GC analysis combined with the chemical derivatization of sample compounds and applied them to the accurate determination of the twenty natural protein amino acids and other non-protein amino acids as their N-TFA-n-butyl esters [5 ], the urinary excretion level of methylated nucleic acid bases as their TMS derivatives [6], TMS nucleosides [7] and other investigations. Further examples include a computer program for processing the quantitative GC data obtained for seventeen triglyceride fatty acids after their transesterification by 2 NKOH in n-butanol [8], a study of the kinetics of the transesterification reactions of dimethyl terephthalate with ethylene glycol [9] and the GC-MS determination of chlorophenols in spent bleach liquors after isolation of the chlorophenols by a multi-step extraction, purification of the final extract by HPLC and derivatization with diazoethane [10]. 

Ad-C3-Ad and poly-VAd exhibited the monomeric fluorescence at about 320 nm in ethanol. This finding suggests that the excimer was not formed for both dimeric and polymeric compounds in ethanol solution. Furthermore, the excimer could not be obtained either in the case of dimers or polymers of 6-methylaminopurine derivatives, though excimer emissions were observed in water-ethylene glycol. The absence of the excimer may be explained by the fact that the stacked forms of the nucleic acid bases are unstable in ethanol solution where the bases appear to be solvated with ethanol molecules23. ... 

Diethylene glycol (2,2 -oxydiethanol) was selected, from a number of glycols tested, as a suitable solvent for the O antigen of ShigeUa dysen-anhydrous solvent should be used for extracting dried cells because, in the presence of water, proteins and nucleic acids are not left... 

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