Gamma glutamyltranspeptidase

Two studies were located in which rats received di- -octylphthalate dietary exposures of 250 or 500 mg/kg/day for either 10 or 26 weeks (Carter et al. 1992 DeAngelo et al. 1986). Five male rats were first initiated with a single subcarcinogenic intraperitoneal dose of diethylnitrosamine (30 mg/kg), followed by partial hepatectomy. Di-w-octylphthalatc caused substantial increases in gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase (GGT) positive liver foci when compared with the controls (e.g., from 3.5 to 20.8 foci/cm2) or in hepatic levels of marker enzymes for altered cellular foci (GGT and glutathione 5-transferase [GST]). Only a slight increase (threefold) was observed for carnitine acetyltransferase (CAT) activity, a marker for peroxisome... 

Reddy TV, Daniel FB, Lin EL, et al. 1992. Chloroform inhibits the development of diethylnitrosamine-initiated, phenobarbital-promoted gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase and placental form glutathione S-transferase-positive foci in rat liver. Carcinogenesis 13(8) 1325-1330. 

Mehdi, K., Penninckx, M. J. (1997) An important role for glutathione and gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase in the supply of growth requirements during nitrogen starvation of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Microbiology-UK, 143, 1885-1889. 

Prezioso, J. A., Wang, N., Duty, L Bloomer, W. D. and Gorelik, E. (1993). Enhancement of pulmonary metastasis formation and gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase activity in B16 melanoma induced by differentiation in vitro. Clin. Exptl. Metastasis J I, 263-274. 

When B. officinalis was mistaken for a similar plant, Securinega suffruticosa, and was cooked in a soup used for muscle aches, lumbago, or as a tonic by 19 patients, 14 developed diarrhea, 10 had nausea and felt cold, nine had sensations of abdominal fullness, and seven vomited (3). Liver enzymes rose and the median times to median peak activities were 3 days for alanine transaminase, 2 days for aspartate transaminase, 5 days for alkaline phosphatase, and 12 days for gamma glutamyltranspeptidase. The liver damage was hepatocellular liver injury rather than cholestatic and marked jaundice did not develop. 

Koleva M (1977) Changes in the urinary excretion of gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase, leucine aminopeptidase and alkaline phosphatase in the combined action of ethylene glycol and high temperature. Probl Khig 3 35-46... 

The liver can be involved in CF. Biliary cirrhosis secondary to bile duct obstruction occurs in as many as 18% of patients, whereas fatty infiltration occurs in about 30% of patients in a pattern unrelated to nutritional status. Bile ducts may be obstructed by inspissated mucus, which may lead to focal or multilobar cirrhosis. Such hepatic involvement can occur at any age but is more common with advancing age and can lead to portal hypertension, esophageal varices, and hypersplenism. The most common laboratory abnormality associated with hepatic involvement is elevated serum hepatic isoenzymes (gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, and alkaline phosphatase)." ... 

Takahashi, S., Lombardi, B., and Shinozuka, H., Progression of carcinogen-induced foci of gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase-positive hepatocytes to hepatomas in rats fed a choline-deficient diet, Int. ]. Cancer, 29, 445, 1982. 

Sidransky, H., Vemey, E., and Wang, D., Effects of varying fat content of a high tryptophan diet on the induction of gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase positive foci in the livers of rats treated with hepatocarcinogen, Cancer Lett., 31, 235, 1986. 

Creosote Bush. Acute toxic hepatitis has been attributed to ingestion of chaparral, an herbal nutritional supplement product derived from the leaves of the creosote bush (Clark and Reed 1992). A 42-year-old man had icterus and jaundice after consuming three 500 mg capsules of chaparral a day for 6 weeks. Serum chemistry tests showed elevated bilirubin, gamma glutamyltranspeptidase (GGT), AST, and lactate dehydrogenase. His illness was diagnosed as hepatic dysfunction secondary to chaparral ingestion. 

Hemmings, S.J., and L. Barker. 2004. The effects of dietary flaxseed on the Fischer 344 rat I. Development, behaviour, toxicity and the activity of Hver gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase. Cell Biochem. Funct. 22(2) 113-121. 

K. Yamashita, K. Totani, Y. Iwaki, I. Takamisawa, N. Tateishi, T. Higashi, Y. Sakamoto, A. Kobata, Comparative study of the sugar chains of gamma-glutamyltranspeptidases purified from human hepatocellular carcinoma and from human liver, J Biochem (Tokyo), 1989, 105(5), 728-735. 

Benlloch, M., Ortega, A., Ferrer, P., Segarra, R., Obrador, E., Asensi, M., Carretero, J., and Estrela, J.M. (2005). Acceleration of glutathione efflux and inhibition of gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase sensitize metastatic B16 melanoma cells to endothelium-induced cytotoxicity. J. Biol. Chem. 280( ), 6950-6959. 

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