Securinega suffruticosa

Securinega suffruticosa (Pall.) Rehd. Yi Ye Chan (leaf, flower, twig) Securinine, allosecurinine, securinol, dihydrosecurinine, securitinine, phyllantidine.33 This herb may be toxic. Treat infantile paralysis, neurasthenia, neuroparalysis. 

Elaeagnus oldhumii Maixmowicz Securinega suffruticosa (PalJ.) Rehd. 

Phyllanthus urinaria, P. niruri, P. reticulatus, Securinega suffruticosa Phyllanthus urinaria, P. niruri, P. reticulatus... 

Carbon-13 n.m.r. assignments have been reported for a number of isomeric 3-butyl-5-methyloctahydroindolizines that were synthesized in studies of the trial pheromone of the Pharaoh ant, and for some closely related indolizidines. This work includes a detailed discussion of the preferred conformations of these compounds.15 Securinegine, a minor alkaloid from Securinega suffruticosa Rehd., is isomeric with securinine, and the structure (22) has been proposed.16... 

This alkaloid (C13H1503N mp 169-170° [a]D —450°) was first obtained from Phyllanthus discoides Muell. Arg. (134) and presently from Securinega suffruticosa Rehd. Its structure (146) was mooted on the basis of a spectral study and confirmed when it was obtained in excellent yield by the hydrogen peroxide oxidation of allosecurinine (147) (135). 

When B. officinalis was mistaken for a similar plant, Securinega suffruticosa, and was cooked in a soup used for muscle aches, lumbago, or as a tonic by 19 patients, 14 developed diarrhea, 10 had nausea and felt cold, nine had sensations of abdominal fullness, and seven vomited (3). Liver enzymes rose and the median times to median peak activities were 3 days for alanine transaminase, 2 days for aspartate transaminase, 5 days for alkaline phosphatase, and 12 days for gamma glutamyltranspeptidase. The liver damage was hepatocellular liver injury rather than cholestatic and marked jaundice did not develop. 

Securinine, the major alkaloid in the leaves of Securinega suffruticosa (Pall.) Rehd. was first described by Murav eva and Bankovskii (10, 11). These Russian workers determined the empirical formula (CisH gNOg) and some other physical properties of securinine and prepared a series of derivatives. They also established the absence of A-methyl, 0-methyl, hydroxyl, methylenedioxy, and ketone groups by functional group analysis and the presence of a lactone moiety and extended conjugation by IR and UV spectroscopy (12). The skeletal structure was first established independently and almost simultaneously by two Japanese teams on securinine isolated from domestic S. suffruticosa plants (13, 14). Subsequently, securinine was also isolated from... 

Trimethylsilylation of the mother liquor from the securinine crystallization obtained from Securinega suffruticosa followed by gas-liquid chromotography (GLC) revealed, aside from peaks due to allosecurinine and dihydrosecurinine, a new peak which was not observed in the GLC of the original mother liquor and which thus suggested the presence of hydroxylated alkaloids (57). Further separation led to the isolation of three alkaloids, securinol A, B, and C, whose structures were elucidated by combination spectral and degradative methods (57, 58). These alkaloids turn out to be ring C hydroxylated derivatives of the seourin-... 

Treatment of the mother liquor from securinine crystallization from Securinega suffruticosa with 10% sulfuric acid followed by ether extrac-... 

Securinega suffruticosa (8) Phyllanthus discoides (17) B. coronata (20) S. suffruticosa var... 

P. discoideus (25) Securinega suffruticosa (18) S. suffruticosa var amamiensis (21) amamiensis (20)... 

M, indica (22) Securinega suffruticosa var Securinega suffruticosa var M. indica (23)... 

Dihydrosecurinine (5) was isolated from the mother Hquor of the extract of Securinega suffruticosa (PaU.) Rehder. This compound shared the... 

Securinol C (13) was isolated from the leaves of Securinega suffruticosa (Pah.) Redher together with securinol A (21) and B (22). It was found... 

Rehder is traditionally used as a stimulant to treat infantile paralysis, neurasthenia, and neuroparalysis. Thus, studies on securinine (1), the most abundant alkaloid found in Securinega suffruticosa (PaU.) Rehder species, were originally oriented toward its central nervous system (CNS) activities. 

The securinega alkaloids occur in several species of the Securinega and Phyllan-thus genera (150). Securinine was first isolated from the leaves and stems of Securinega suffruticosa (Euphorbiaceae). Securinine nitrate is a central nervous system stimulant similar to strychnine but less toxic. It was found to be useful in treatment of paresis and paralysis following infectious diseases and psychic disorders. The related alkaloids were obtained from Securinega suffruticosa allose-curinine, dihydrosecurinine, securinol A, and securinol B from the leaves, and securitinine from the roots. 

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