Glue-starch paste

Create a pallet of natural paints. Find colored rocks. Black coal also works. Identify their chemical composition. Grind each rock using a mortar and pestle. Add a binder to the powdered rock. Binders can be glue, starch paste, or egg yolk. Now you have paints. Use these paints in a drawing. Try to identify an element or a combination of elements that produces certain colors. 

The majority of starch-derived adhesives are used in the paper and textile industries as binders and sizing materials. However, the discussion in this chapter is limited to glues and pastes, since paper and textile uses have been covered thoroughly elsewhere [12]. This section provides an overview of several gluing applications, with special attention to the properties required of the glue in each case. 

Uses Fungicide, mildeweide for waterborne pigmented stains (nonwood), adhesives, glues, starch or cellulosic based wallpaper pastes, waterborne industrial and architectural coalings, textile preps. 

The techniques that could be applied were limited by the materials available. The basic range that most societies possessed included starch pastes, plant gums and resins, protein binders of glue or albumin, beeswax and fats. As technology and trade developed, a wider range of resins became available and drying oils were introduced. These natural products were the only materials available for the repair of objects until the late nineteenth century (Masschelein-Kleiner, 1985). They were, and still are, widely used. 

In the Middle Ages, the first glue-boiling plants came into being and produced protein glues from animal raw materials (glutin from hides and bones, blood albumin, casein from milk) or starch paste from plants. 

The animal glues are applied at elevated temperatures and build tack through heat loss but set through water loss. Water-borne starch pastes and resin emulsions are applied at room temperature and set up by water loss. 

Nonfood preservative appHcations of sodium and potassium benzoate are found in pharmaceutical and cosmetic preparations, such as toothpastes and powders, tobacco, pastes and glue, as well as starch and latex (36,37). 

Liquid Diffusion The movement of liquids by diffusion in soUds is restricted to the equihbrium moisture content below the point of atmospheric saturation and to systems in which moisture and solid are mutually soluble. The first class apphes to the last stages in the diying of clays, starches, flour, textiles, paper, and wood the second class includes the diying of soaps, glues, gelatins, and pastes. 

Starch glues are water dispersions for libraiy paste and wallpaper paste. They coat paper for better receptivity of inks and keep the inks held out on the paper surface. They are also used in corrugated cardboard and paper laminating. 

Heath and Frost patented in 1877 the use of a water-retaining paste such as soap 5, starch 0.5, glue 0.5 water 94% for tamping bore-holes, loaded with dynamite, in order to prevent the ignition of firedamp Ref Daniel (1902), 371... 

Starch Plant product, so-called carbohydrate, consisting of the elements carbon, hydrogen and oxygen. Raw material for aqueous adhesives (paste, glues). 

The common vegetable glues are based on either starch or cellulose. Unmodified starch dispersed in water is used to form paper pastes but a large proportion is now used in modified forms such as dextrin. Cellulose-based glues are produced by reacting hydroxyl groups present in the polymer chain with different reagents to form a variety of adhesives. 

I. Liquid diffusion theory. In this theory diffusion of liquid moisture occurs when there is a concentration difference between the depths of the solid and the surface. This method of transport of moisture is usually found in nonporous solids where single-phase solutions are formed with the moisture, such as in paste, soap, gelatin, and glue. This is also found in drying the last portions of moisture from clay, flour, wood, leather, paper, starches, and textiles. In drying many food materials, the movement of water in the falling-rate period occurs by diffusion. 

Pastes and glues used for cigars (starch, flour and alum, Vero and Genovese 1941)... 

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