Glue damage

Conditioners can be made from oily surfactants or fatty surfactants, or a mixture of both. The more solid fatty conditioners can glue together split ends and damaged hair. The more liquid oily conditioners smooth the hair and then rinse out more effectively. 

So-called peripheral neuropathies can result from excessive exposure to certain industrial solvents such as carbon disulfide (CS2, used in the rubber and rayon industries) and hexane (CgHn, once used in certain glues and cleaning fluids). Over-exposure to acrylamide, an important industrial chemical, and chronic alcohol abuse can also induce this effect. As the name implies, it involves attack of the chemical on and damage to axonal portions of neurons. Typical symptoms of peripheral neuropathies include weakness or numbness in the limbs, which are more or less reversible depending upon the specific agent and the intensity of exposure. 

Inhaled substances may be associated with practices and equipment that may lead to suffocation. Commonly abused inhalants include model glue, spray paints, cleaning fluids, gasoline, liquid typewriter correction fluid, and aerosol propellants for deodorants or hair sprays. Most inhalants produce a rapid high that resembles alcohol intoxication. If sufficient amounts are inhaled, nearly all solvents and gases produce a loss of sensation, and even unconsciousness. Adverse effects may include severe organ damage. 

Protective oil is a good alternative to glue for crystal mounting because of the large residual stress that epoxies can cause. Sensitive species must be handled with special care, because exposure to oxidative atmosphere or anyway to ambient temperature may produce irreversible damage. For this reason, mounting the sample in an inert atmosphere within glove boxes is sometimes necessary. If the sample must be kept at low temperature while under the microscope, special equipment is necessary as proposed by Stalke [34] or by Hope [35]. 

Formalin is an aqueous solution of approximately 40% formaldehyde. It was traditionally used to preserve biologic specimens, but its identification as a mild carcinogen has curtailed its use as a preservative. Formaldehyde is widely used to produce synthetic resins. Resins are sticky, liquid organic compounds that are insoluble in water. They often harden when exposed to air. Many commercial types of glue are resins. Natural resins are produced by plants as a response to damage. When a plant suffers external damage, natural resins flow to the area and harden to protect the underlying... 

Once the module has been opened, the surface of the membrane, glue lines, and feed spacers should be inspected for damage and... 

Figure 14.11 Damaged glue lines due to excessive backpressure.

A 27-year-old glue sniffing woman developed sensorineural hearing loss, optic atrophy, and global brain damage (27). 

A 38-year-old man developed acute oliguric renal failure after repeated glue sniffing for about 8 hours (34). He also had severe liver damage, mild muscle necrosis, and bone marrow depression. He made a complete recovery. 

Volatile solvent abuse or glue sniffing, is common among teenagers, especially males. The success of the modem chemical industry provides easy access to these substances as adhesives, dry cleaners, air fresheners, deodorants, aerosols and other products. Various techniques of administration are employed viscous products may be inhaled from a plastic bag, liquids from a handkerchief or plastic bottle. The immediate euphoriant and excitatory effects are replaced by confusion, hallucinations and delusions as the dose is increased. Chronic abusers, notably of toluene, develop peripheral neuropathy, cerebellar disease and dementia damage to the kidney, liver, heart and limgs also occurs with solvents. Over 50% of deaths from the practice follow cardiac arrhythmia, probably caused by sensitisation of the myocardium to catecholamines and by vagal inhibition... 

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