Glucose energy source

Glucose A 6-carbon sugar molecule, which is the building block of natural substances like cellulose, starch, dextrans, xanthan, and some other biopolymers and used as a basic energy source by the cells of most organisms. 

The significance of pH is particularly interesting since pH may either augment or diminish NH3 production. The possible mechanisms by which pH affects NH3 production are (a) inhibition of bacterial metabolism, (b) pH-dependent changes in urea metabolic pathways, (c) pH-dependent bacterial utilization of glucose and urea as energy sources, and (d) increased bacterial uti-... 

In Japan Chlorella spp has been produced for food in continuous aseptic systems in conventional bioreactors. The organisms are grown in the dark as heterotrophs using sucrose (in the form of molasses) or glucose as carbon and energy source. Production has been 2,000-3,000 tonnes per year at a selling price of (US)10-22 kg 1 (1990 prices). This product is sold as a high-value health food. 

Wood chips can also be utilized as such to produce bioethanol. The cellulose and hemicellulose material is hydrolyzed in the presence of acids (H2SO4, HCl, or HCOOH) or enzymes to yield glucose and other monosaccharides [16]. Lignin is separated by filtration as a solid residue and the monosaccharides are fermented to ethanol, which, in turn, is separated from water and catalyst by distillation. Ethanol can be used not only as energy source but also as a platform component to make various chemicals, such as ethene and polyethene. Today green acetaldehyde and acetic acid from wood-derived bioethanol is manufactured by SEKAB Ab, at the Ornskoldsvik Biorefinery of the Future industrial park. 

The ATP required as the constant energy source for the contraction-relaxation cycle of muscle can be generated (1) by glycolysis, using blood glucose or muscle glycogen, (2) by oxidative phosphorylation, (3) from creatine... 

The RBC is highly dependent upon glucose as its energy source its membrane contains high affinity glucose transporters. 

Some disaccharides serve as soluble energy sources for animals and plants, whereas others are important because they are intermediates in the decomposition of polysaccharides. A major energy source for humans is sucrose, which is common table sugar. Sucrose contains a-glucose linked to j6-fructose. About 80 million tons of sucrose are produced each year. Of that, 60% comes from sugar cane and 40% comes from sugar beets. Example treats a disaccharide that is an energy source for insects. 

C13-0069. Glycogen and cellulose are both polymers of glucose. Explain why humans can use glycogen but not cellulose as an energy source. Why can cows digest cellulose, but humans cannot ... 

C14-0104. Determine A Gcombustioii P " S arn of palmitic acid and of glucose. On a per-gram basis, which is the better energy source ... 

Mention has aheady been made of the wide variety of eonsumable nntrients which may be reqnired by bacteria, and also how some bacteria can grow in simple aqneons solntion containing an energy source, such as glucose, and a few inorganic ions. 

In some cases it is more attractive to use whole microbial cells, rather than isolated enzymes, as biocatalysts. This is the case in many oxidative biotransformations where cofactor regeneration is required and/or the enzyme has low stability outside the cell. By performing the reaction as a fermentation, i.e. with growing microbial cells, the cofactor is continuously regenerated from the energy source, e.g. glucose. 

Dextrose (D-glucose) is the major immediate energy source in PN and is vital for cellular metabolism, body protein preservation, and cellular growth. 

The net effects of these actions include enhanced growth due to protein synthesis enhanced availability of fatty acids for use by skeletal muscle as an energy source and glucose sparing for the brain, which can use only this nutrient molecule as a source of energy. 

The main source of brain energy metabolism is the continuous availability of glucose from the blood. To some extent, energy can be derived from glycogen, stored in astrocytes. Neurons also use lactate as an energy source, even under normoxic conditions. During neuronal activation, lactate may even be the... 

Cells that do not have mitochondria (such as red blood cells) must use glucose for energy since they have no TCA cycle or oxidative phosphorylation. Without a constant glucose supply, these cells would die. The brain relies heavily on glucose metabolism for energy however, the brain can adapt to use alternative energy sources if glucose is not available. 

---