Glucamines

Amino-2,4,6-triiodo-N-methylisophthalamic acid Acetic anhydride N-methyl glucamine... 

Avdeef, A. Takacs-Novak, K. Box, K. J., pH-metric logP. 6. Effects of sodium, potassium, and N-CH3-D-glucamine on the octanol-water partitioning with prostaglandins El and E2, J. Pharm. Sci. 84, 523-529 (1995). 

Some of the ionic iodinated substances used in CAT scans include amidotrizoates (salts of diatrizoic acid) and iothalamates (salts of iothalamic acid)J l The typical cations are sodium ion or meglumine (A-methyl-Z)-glucamine) ion (Fig. 10.1.1),... 

Figure 10.1.1 The molecular structure of the meglumine (/V-methyl-D-glucamine) cation.

It should be noted that a major difficulty in the detection of nitroxyl anion is explained by the impossibility to apply ESR spectroscopy because nitroxyl is not a free radical. Moreover, the use of spin traps such as iron iV-methyl-D-glucamine dithiocarbamate (Fe-MGD) to distinguish NO and NO production by NO synthase failed because both nitrogen species reacted with this spin trap [87]. 

A series of attempts to discover optimum reaction conditions was made in view of preventing formation of by-products arising from the reaction of the acyl halogenide with different functional groups within the N-methyl glucamine molecule. Nonetheless, a subsequent purification step was necessary to remove by-products and unreacted starting material. This turned out to be complicated due to similar solubilities of both the... 

To ensure the specificity of the signal, it will always be very helpful to test a unique feature of the carrier under investigation, such as specific inhibition, dependence on anions/cations/protons or trans-activation by another substrate. Sodium dependency, for example, can be tested by replacement with N-methyl-D-glucamine, whereas choline chloride as substitute of sodium is not recommended, since it may influence the membrane potential. In light of the recent finding that many transport proteins display an overlapping substrate spectrum, such specificity controls should receive adequate appreciation. 

Structures 10. Structures of sulhited spaced glucamines with aromatic spacers... 

Decanoic acid N-methyl-glucamine 2-Methyl-2 butanol 83 22... 

For racemic resolution of naproxen the use of cinchonidine, A/-alkyl-D-glucamine, dehydroabietylamine or (S)-a-phenylethylamine has been described. 

Panzer und Whistler (59) stellten aus Acrylsaure- bzw. Methacryl-saure anhydrid und 1-Amino-l-deoxy-D-glucitol (Glucamin) die ent-... 

Chelating resins are iminodiacetate type, polyamine type, or glucamine type. They exhibit high retention of some metals, such as heavy metals from alkali metal ion solutions. 

It is possible that the water-filled a-LTX channel, which is relatively wide ( 10A at its narrowest (Krasilnikov and Sabirov 1992 Orlova et al. 2000), can pass small molecules. Indeed, a-LTX channels inserted in the membranes of synaptosomes, NMJ nerve terminals, and receptor-transfected COS7 cells appear to pass fluorescein (Stokes-Einstein radius, Re = 4.5 A) and norepinephrine (Re < 4 A) (Davletov et al. 1998 Rahman et al. 1999 Volynski et al. 2000), shown in Figure 2 for comparison with 8-hydrated calcium ion (Rc = 4.2 A) and the toxin channel. Analysis of impermeant cations commonly used in channel studies reveals that a-LTX channels are poorly permeable (Hurlbut et al. 1994) to glucosamine H+(Re = 4.6 A) and not significantly permeable (Tse and Tse 1999) to N-methyl-D-glucamine (Re = 5.2 A), thus limiting the pore diameter by 10 A. 

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