Glomerulonephritis Chronic

Edema Adjunctive therapy in edema associated with congestive heart failure (CHF), hepatic cirrhosis, and corticosteroid and estrogen therapy. Useful in edema due to renal dysfunction (eg, nephrotic syndrome, acute glomerulonephritis, chronic renal failure). 

The nonsalicylate NSAIDs can also affect renal function. Risk factors fc>r NSAID-induced acute renal failure include congestive heart feilure, glomerulonephritis, chronic renal insufficiency, cirrhosis, systemic lupus erythematosus, diabetes mellitus, significant atherosclerotic disease in the elderly and use of diuretics. NSAIDs can adversely affect cardiovascular homeostasis and can be a risk factor for the onset or exacerbation of heart feilure. 

Among the most important causes of chronic renal failure are chronic glomerulonephritis, chronic pyelonephritis and hypertension. Various tubular disorders, such as heavy metal poisoning, Wilson s disease and tubular damage caused by hyper-calcaemia or hyperuricaemia, may also lead to generalized chronic renal failure. 

Hematologic diseases autoimmune hemolytic anemia, idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura, pernicous anemia Kidney disease Goodpasture syndrom, lipoid nephroses, minimal change glomerulonephritis Diseases of the gastrointestinal tract autoimmune chronic active hepatitis, autoimmune atrophic gastritis, Crohn s disease, ulcerative colitis... 

In the pathogenesis of many chronic inflammatory diseases (e.g., rheumatoid arthritis, glomerulonephritis, colitis ulcerosa, Morbus Crohn, atopic dermatitis, psoriasis) autoimmune processes play an important role, too. Although first of all nonsteroidal antiinflammatory agents or glucocorticoids should be applied, immunosuppressive agents may also be indicated. 

CHF Congestive heart failure chronic heart failure DPGN Diffuse proliferative glomerulonephritis... 

Post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis is the result of infection with the nephritogenic strain of group A hemolytic streptococci. The streptococci are usually isolated from patients with a sore throat and, in developing countries, skin infection like impetigo or infected scabies is an important cause. There is no specific treatment except for antihypertensives, salt restriction and diuretics. Corticosteroids are of no value. The disease is self-limiting but, in some adults, it may progress to chronic renal failure. 

D) He had glomerulonephritis at age 24 and developed chronic renal failure but received a kidney transplant 10 years ago. 

Renal function improvement. Decoction of the dried rhizome, taken orally by 15 patients with chronic renal failure resulting from chronic glomerulonephritis, polycystic disease, tuberculosis, or diabetes, at variable dosage levels, was active. The patients were dosed three times daily for 3 months with a combination of Zingiber officinale and Panax ginseng. Improvements were seen in blood urea nitrogen, edema, fatigue, nausea, and constipation without effect on hematocrit or albumin. The effect decreased after 6 months . ... 

Unlabeled Uses Treatment of biliary cirrhosis, chronic acfive hepatitis, glomerulonephritis, inflammatory bowel disease, inflammatory myopathy, multiple sclerosis, myasthenia gravis, nephrotic syndrome, pemphigoid, pemphigus, polymyositis, systemic lupus erythematosus... 

Other agents are effective in special populations. Vitamin K prevented bone loss in 20 patients with chronic glomerulonephritis treated with prednisolone (263) and ciclo-sporin 4.8 mg/kg/day prevented glucocorticoid-induced osteopenia in 52 patients taking prednisone 10 mg/day after kidney transplantation (264). 

Yonemura K, Kimura M, Miyaji T, Hishida A. Short-term effect of vitamin K administration on prednisolone-induced loss of bone mineral density in patients with chronic glomerulonephritis. Calcif Tissue Int 2000 66(2) 123-8. 

Masuyama H, Suwaki N, Nakatsukasa H, Masumoto A, Tateishi Y, Hiramatrsu Y. Circulating angiogenic factors in preeclampsia, gestational proteinuria, and preeclampsia superimposed on chronic glomerulonephritis. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2006 194 551-556. 

Zimmerman SW, Groehler K, Beirne GJ. Hydrocarbon exposure and chronic glomerulonephritis. Lancet 1975 2(7927) 199-201. 

Inhalant abuse can result in kidney stones, severe kidney damage, and acute kidney failure. Electrolyte imbalances can occur in the kidneys and individuals may have difficulties urinating. In severely affected patients, this results in mental confusion, muscle weakness, nausea, and vomiting. Goodpasture s syndrome and glomerulonephritis, a chronic form of kidney disease, may also occur. 

Diseases in which immunosuppression may be useful include tissue transplantation, inflammatory bowel disease, rheumatoid arthritis, chronic active hepatitis, systemic lupus erythematosus, glomerulonephritis, nephrotic syndrome, some haemolytic anaemias and thrombocytopenias, uveitis, myasthenia gravis, polyarteritis, polymyositis, systemic sclerosis, Behcet s syndrome. 

Complications The following complications have been reported (i.) cholangitis, (2.) obstructive jaundice, (i.) intrahepatic cholelithiasis, (4.) sepsis, (J.) portal hypertension (oesophageal varices, portal vein thrombosis, chronic Budd-Chiari syndrome, etc.), (6.) thrombosis of the inferior vena cava, (7.) amyloidosis, (8.) immune complex-associated glomerulonephritis, (9.) metastases, (10.) acute on chronic liver insufficiency or acute liver failure, and (11.) bronchobiliary fistula. 

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