Glazes ceramic pigments

Cobalt Sulfates. Both cobaltous and cobaltic sulfates are known, of which the cobaltous sulfate, CoS04, or its hydrates are used in industry, such as in baths for Co plating, ceramics, pigments, glazes and in catalysts. 

Because of the long-term and widespread use of lead, it is one of the most ubiquitous of the toxic metals. Exposure may be through air, water, or food sources. In the United States the major industrial uses, such as in fuel additives and lead pigments in paints, have been phased out, but other uses, such as in batteries, have not been reduced. Other sources of lead include lead from pipes and glazed ceramic food containers. 

In traditional areas such as ceramic tiles, praseodymium oxide in a zirconium silicate matrix is used as a yellow stain. Cerium oxide is used as an opacifier or to give esthetic effects in the glaze. Other pigment colours, such as orange with yttrium oxide and light purple with neodymium oxide can be prepared. The compositions of these pigments are given in Table 12.19. 

Use Ceramics, pigments, glazes, in plating baths for cobalt, additive to soils, catalyst, paint and ink drier, storage batteries. 

Molybdic acid anhydride Molybdic anhydride Molybdic oxide Molybdic trioxide Natural molybdite NSC 216191. Source of Mo reagent for analytical chemistry agriculture manufacture of metallic molybdenum corrosion inhibitor ceramic glazes enamels pigments catalyst. Yellow-blue powder mp = 795° bp = 1155° 4.696 soluble in H2O (0.49 g/l), insoluble in organic solvents LDso (rat orl) = 2689 mg/kg, AAA Molybdenum Atomergic Chemetals Cerac Climax Molybdenum Co. 

Other isotopes that have been studied are Sn (source metastable " Sn), Sb (source metastable Sb), and Eu (source Sm). Table 10.6 lists chemical shifts for tin. It is then quite straightforward to determine the valence state of an unknown tin-compound from its Mossbauer spectrum. This type of analysis has been used in studying tin glazes and tin-containing ceramic pigments. It requires quite small amounts of material, typically 50 mg of powder. Bulk materials can also be examined. 

Colored glazes must use stable ceramic pigments if the color is to be consistent over repeated batches (e.g., for industrial production of sanitaryware, tiles, etc.). Cheaper metal oxide colorants can be used when... 

CAS 1314-13-2 EINECS/ELINCS 215-222-5 Uses Activator, reinforcer, hiding pigment for NR, SR, latex also for use in glass, glazes, ceramics, and frit enamels Features Med. to fast cure rate low dusting Properties Wh. fine pellet odorless 3% thru +10 mesh 6% thru -100 mesh sp.gr. 5.6 apparent dens. 44 Ib/ft bulk dens. 120 Ib/ft surf, area 4.75 m /g... 

Uses Nickel plating reagent mfg. of nickel catalysts, nickel salts mfg. of brown ceramic pigments and glazes raw material for pressed battery plates antiglare coatings inks... 

While INAA has an excellent track record in archaeology, bulk techniques like INAA have inherent limitations. In bulk analysis, powdered, homogenized whole samples are characterized, so contributions from individual components of a composite material, such as a ceramic, cannot be separated. One reason to characterize individual components in ceramics is that patterned elemental variation may arise not only from provenance differences, but also from paste preparation and diagenesis [5]. Microprobe techniques, either electron microprobes [5] or LA-ICP-MS [1,40], offer a means to identify where within the ceramic fabric the important elements are concentrated or diluted. Microprobes can also be targeted at ceramic slips, glazes, and pigments, as discussed in greater detail below. 

Qualitative characterization of cobalt blue pigments in glazed ceramics by means of LA-ICPMS and portable-XRF Qualitative selective analysis of multilayered materials... 

Our purpose in diis paper is to provide an overview of ICP-MS and present case stupes demonstrating how LA-ICP-MS can be used to characterize obsidian, chert, ceramic glazes, and pigments. It is our hope that the research we discuss herein will inspire future archaeological projects in which data obtained using LA-ICP-MS assists archaeologists in understanding past cultural phenomenon. 

Ahmadi, S., Aghaei, A., and Eftekhari Yekta, B. (2009) Synthesis of YAIO3 red pigments by co-precipitation method and their interactions with glazes. Ceram. Int,... 

Stobierska, E., Bucko, M. M., Lis, J., Kuzminska, K. (2011) Effects of size reduction of pigments from the Y2O3-Al203-Cr203 system on colour of transparent glazes. Ceram. Mater., 63, 164-170. 

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