Glaucoma risk factors

Rachymetry measures central corneal thickness thin corneas (less than 540 microns) are considered a glaucoma risk factor. 

Identify risk factors for the development of chronic open-angle glaucoma and acute angle-closure glaucoma. 

Recommend a frequency for glaucoma screening based on patient-specific risk factors. 

Age (years) With Risk Factors for Glaucoma No Known Risk Factors... 

In undiagnosed patients assess their risk factors for glaucoma and their recommended interval of glaucoma screening. 

Given this additional information, what additional risk factors does this patient have for glaucoma ... 

T reatment is indicated for ocular hypertension if the patient has a significant risk factor such as IOP greater than 25 mm Hg, vertical cup-disk ratio greater than 0.5, or central corneal thickness less than 555 micrometers. Additional risk factors to be considered include family history of glaucoma, black race, severe myopia, and presence of only one eye. 

There are several types of -class CAs i.e., a-CA I-VII, reported in the literature, out of which the human carbonic anhydrase II (HCA II), the most extensively studied carbonic anhydrase, has an exceptionally high CO2 hydration rate and a wide tissue distribution 107). The HCA II comprises a single polypeptide chain with a molecular mass of 29.3 kDa and contains one catalytic zinc ion, coordinated to three histidine residues, His 94, His 96, and His 119. A tetrahedral coordination geometry around the metal center is completed with a water molecule, which forms a hydroxide ion with a pK value of 7.0 108). Quigley and co-workers 109,110) reported that the inhibition of the synthesis of HCO3 from CO2 and OH- reduces aqueous humor formation and lowers intra-ocular pressure, which is a major risk factor for primary open-angle glaucoma. 

What are the risk factors for developing glaucoma Identify the possible causes of worsening of his glaucoma condition. 

Chlorpromazine has mild anticholinergic properties and may have contributed to the angle closure in this case. She also had hypermetropia which is an another risk factor for glaucoma. However, this case supports the view that potent blockade of serotonin re-uptake can cause glaucoma in predisposed subjects. 

Asrani S, Zeimer R.WUensky J, et al. Large diurnal flucmations in intraocular pressure are an independent risk factor in patients with glaucoma. J Glaucoma 2000 9 134-142. 

Conversely, controlling blood pressure may be a way to prevent glaucoma. Investigators at the University of Wisconsin found that decreases in blood pressure are associated with reduced pressure in the eye, intraocular pressure. Since intraocular pressure is said to be the most important risk factor for glaucoma, treating blood pressure levels before they reach the hypertension stages may first reduce intraocular pressure and subsequently prevent both hypertension and glaucoma. There was a direct and linear association between rises in blood pressure and increases in intraocular pressure. 

Age older than 40 years is a risk factor for the development of POAG. Up to 15% of African-American men are affected by the ninth decade of life (Friedman et al., 2004 Table 30.1). Consequently, glaucoma is found to be more prevalent in the aging population, even after compensating for the mean rise in lOP with increasing age in the US. However, the disease itself is not limited to only middle-aged and elderly individuals. 

Sleep apnea has been shown to be a risk factor for glaucoma in some studies (Pearson, 2000). Myopia may be another risk factor for glaucoma (Daubs and Crick, 1981). The relatively thin eye wall and large globe in severely nearsighted people suggest a possible susceptibility to stretching under the influence of lOP. The association between factors such as concurrent cardiovascular disease (Tielsch, 1991) has not been demonstrated consistently. 

For individuals of age 65 years or above, recommended frequency for a comprehensive adult medical eye evaluadon is 6 to 12 months when risk factors for glaucoma are present and 1 to 2 years in the absence of risk factors. For glaucoma suspect individuals under 40 year s, the frequency of the eye evaluadon should be 2 to 4 years and 5 to 10 year s in the presence and absence of risk factor s for glaucoma, respecdvely (American Academy of Ophthalmology Preferred Pracdce Patterns, 2005a). 

The most important risk factor for developing primary open angle glaucoma is ... 

Briefly discuss the risk factors for primary open angle glaucoma. 

Wilson MR, Hertzmai k E, Walker AM, Clrilds-Shaw K, Epstein DL (1987) A case-cond ol study of risk factors m open angle glaucoma. Ai ch Ophdialmol 105 1066-1071. 

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