Carbon studies

EPR has been observed and studied in porous carbons by numerous authors 178-182). The carbons studied have been prepared by pyrolysis of organic material such as dextrose 180), coal 181), and natural gas or oils 181,182). Porous carbons are of considerable technological importance and show catalytic activity for the ortho-parahydrogen conversion, the hydrogen-deuterium reaction, and many reactions of inorganic complex ions 156). Relationships between the characteristics of the EPR absorption and the catalytic activity of porous carbons for the o-p Hj and Hj-D reactions have been demonstrated by Turkevich and Laroche 183). 

Activated carbon studies on widely used herbicides and pesticides have shown that it is successful in reducing the concentration of these toxic compounds to very low levels in wastewater [16]. Some examples of these include BHG, DDT, 2,4-D, toxaphene, dieldrin, aldrin, chlordane, malathion, and parathion. Adsorption is affected by many factors, including... 

Adora, S. Soldo-Olivier, Y. Faure, R. Durand, R. Dartyge, E. Baudelet, F. Electrochemical Preparation of Platinum Nanocrystallites on Activated Carbon Studied by X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy. J. Phys. Chem. B 2001, 103, 10489-10495. 

K. J. D. MacKenzie and R. H. Meinhold, Thermal decomposition of dolomite (calcium magnesium carbonate) studied by Mg solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance. Ther-mochim. Acta, 1993, 230,331-337. 

It is suggested that a detailed examination of the effect of heat-treatment temperature on the gas reactivity of the carbons studied by Walker and Baumbach 143) might show a series of reactivity maxima which correspond to temperatures at which different catalytic impurities first begin to show significant solid state diffusion and reaction with the carbon matrix followed at higher temperatures by their complete volatilization from the sample. The advent of significant diffusion and reaction of the impurity with the carbon could result in a subseiiuent increase in gas reactivity. Complete volatilization of the impurity from the sample could result in a subsequent decrease in gas reactivity. 

King JS. 1966. A comparative investigation of neuroglia in representative vertebrates A silver carbonate study. J Morphol 119 435-465. 

In the late 1950 s and early 1960 s the reflectance characterization of coal macerals was used with great success in carbonization studies. For example, it was shown by Spackman et al. (12) that the properties of the various coal macerals... 

Our students in both introductory and advanced courses at the University of Miami, Northwestern University, Texas A M University and the University of Hawaii reacted critically to our ideas and kept our thoughts focused. We are particularly indebted in this work to those involved in carbonate studies C. R. Agegian, S. S. Anthony, T. Arakaki, R. Amseth, K. Badiozamoni, L. D. Bernstein, M. Bertram, W. D. Bischoff, N. Cook, J. deKanel, C. H. Dodge, M. L. Franklin, S. He, G. M. Lafon, W. A. Komicker, A. Mucci, K. L. Nagy, K. J. Roy, J. D. Pigott,... 

Combustion rate of carbon. Study of gas-film structure by microsampling. Ind. Eng. Chem., 28 1334-1341. 

The carbons studied in the present work were prepared by the carbonization of anthracene (C14H10) and saccharose (C12H22O11) in flowing argon. The sample preparation has been described in detail in our previous paper [10]. 

Rudzinski W. and Panczyk T., Kinetics of Gas Adsorption in Activated Carbons, Studied by Applying the Statistical Rate Theory of Interfacial Transport, J. Phys. Chem. B., 105(2001) pp.68S8-6866. 

In the present study, the competitive effects of DOC on the adsorption were investigated at equilibrium and shorter contact times by PAC in the membrane-PAC hybrid system. The three carbons studied were commercially available, and have been... 

Another widely used radiochronometric method involves study of the isotopes of carbon. Studies on these isotopes demonstrated that carbon-14 is taken in consistently by living organisms but that when the organism dies, carbon-14 starts to decay. Thus, a ratio of carbon-14 to the stable carbon isotopes, one of which is carbon-12, can provide an age in years since death of the organism. The ages of organic materials from the present as far back in time to 5 X 10" yr of age can be determined, with appropriate corrections for materials somewhat greater than 10" yr old. 

Altmann P, Barnett ME, Finn WE SPD405-307 Lanthanum Carbonate Study Group. Cognitive function in Stage 5 chronic kidney disease patients on hemodialysis noadverseeffectsoflanthanumcarbonatecompared with standard phosphate-bindertherapy. Kidney Int 2007 71 252-259. 

Similar to he case of reaction with 1-chloroalkyl carbonates studied in section 3-2-2-3, carboxylates anions react with 1-chloroalkyl carbamates to give alkylation derivatives... 

Porous and non-porous carbon studied. Gasification mechanism discussed... 

Gewin, V. 2002. Ocean Carbon Study to Quit Hawaii. Nature 417 (June 27) 888. 

Alcaniz-Monge, J., Linares-Solano, A., and Rand, B. (2001). Water adsorption on activated carbons study of water adsorption in micro- and mesopores. J. Phys. Chem. B, 105, 7998-8006. 

The lEPs obtained in [2969] probably represent metal oxide-dextrin precipitates rather than pure metal oxides. Activated carbons studied in [2970] had very high ash content. Water treatment residual was studied in [2971]. The material studied in [2972] was impure. Other examples of surface charging studies carried out in complex, ill-defined materials can be found in [2722,2834,2973-2978]. 

Using the optimum conditions for benzene metalation as indicated by the carbonation studies, we found that other reactions typical of phenyllithium proceed in very high yield when phenyllithium-TMEDA is prepared this way. Some typical reactions are outlined below. 

Although bacteria are colloidal systems, their large size makes it questionable whether their removal can be regarded as true adsorption. One suggestion is that carbon, by adsorbing protective colloids, may leave the bacteria in a condition that permits them to clump and be mechanically trapped by the carbon. Studies by... 

Pearman, G. I., and P. Hyson (1981). A global atmospheric diffusion simulation model for atmospheric carbon studies. In Carbon Cycle Modelling (B. Bolm, ed.), SCOPE 16, 227-240. 

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