Glatiramer

Allie R, Hu L, MuUen KM, Dhib-Jalbut S, Calabresi PA (2005) Bystander modulation of chemokine receptor expression on peripheral blood T lymphocytes mediated by glatiramer therapy. Arch Neurol 62 889-894... 

Glatiramer acetate (Copaxone) 20 mg SQ Daily Injection site reaction 90% Systemic reaction 15%... 

Pharmacology and Mechanism of Action The mechanism of action of glatiramer acetate is not fully known however, the following properties have been observed ... 

Efficacy Glatiramer acetate reduces relapses by 28% each year compared to placebo. Additionally, relapses occurred later compared to placebo (322 days versus 219 days).42... 

Glatiramer acetate EDSS, MSFC, neurologic history Every 3 months during the first year... 

Once diagnosed, work with the patient to select either a beta interferon or glatiramer acetate, considering ... 

Suhayl D-J. Glatiramer acetate (Copaxone) therapy for multiple sclerosis. Pharmacol Ther 2(X)3 98 245-55. 

Mechanism of Action An immunosuppressive whose exact mechanism is unknown. May act by modifying immune processes thought to be responsible for the pathogenesis of mulfiple sclerosis (MS). Therapeutic Effect Slows progression of MS. Pharmacokinetics Substantial fraction of glatiramer is hydrolyzed locally. Some fraction of injected material enters lymphatic circulation, reaching regional lymph nodes some may enter systemic circulation intact. 

Biological response modifiers glatiramer acetate interferon beta-la interferon beta-lb... 

Like the p-interferons, glatiramer reduces the frequency of relapse. A high-dose formulation of interferon-P-la, Rebif, has recently been approved in the United... 

Research Focus Improved method for preparing glatiramer acetate. 

Application similar synthetic methods have been reported in the patent literature for preparing glatiramer acetate. 

An alternative method for preparing glatiramer acetate was proposed by Ray et al. (3) and entailed ... 

Glatiramer Acetate is water soluble copolypeptide with molecular weight 15,000-25,000. 

Copolymer is prepared by copolymerization of the N-carboxyanhydrides of tyrosine, alanine, lysine, and glutamic acid. The polymerisation was carried out at ambient temperature in anhydrous dioxane with diethylamine as initiator. Glatiramer Acetate have the ratio alanin glutamic acid lysine tyrosine = 1 6 4.54 2. 

Glatiramer Acetate Mechanisms of Action in Multiple Sclerosis... 

Although isolated reports of psychotic delusional symptoms and depression continue to be published (404), recent controlled trials or longitudinal studies have not provided evidence of an increase in depression scores or in the rate of depression in patients treated with interferon beta (SEDA-27, 389). In a meta-analysis of seven trials in 1215 patients with relapsing remitting multiple sclerosis, the incidence of depression was 16% and did not differ between interferon-beta and controls, but the scales used to assess depression were specified in only three trials (405). Using a public reimbursement database for multiple sclerosis, the prevalence and incidence of depression and depression scores were not different in 163 patients treated with interferon beta or glatiramer, but the study was poorly controlled for potential biases (406). Overall, the current data suggest that interferon-beta is not substantially associated with depression. 

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