Glass workers

The requirements of a scientist differ from those of a professional glass-worker. The starting point of a new research is new ideas, and when these require subsequent experimental investigation the apparatus used need be only good enough to give results which are... 

The height of the table and the accompanying stool should be such that the glass-worker can rest his elbows on the table. A stool of adjustable height (like a music stool) is very convenient, and was advised by R. Threlfall (1898). Both he and W. E. Barr and V. J. Anhorn (1949) advise a table of height 38 inches. A table of slightly less height is also satisfactory. 

For the amateur glass-worker it is very helpful if the rotating movement of a piece of work held horizontally in the flame can be continued in a horizontal line, with the work lifted slightly out of the flame for blowing, instead of having to lift one end to the mouth. The glass-blower s swivel enables him to do this. 

I. C. P. Smith (1947a) has given an account of the construction of burners for the glass-worker. The adjustment of the flame size and temperature with a given burner is best foimd by experience. 

Murata K, Araki S, Yokoyama K, et al. 1995. Autonomic and central nervous system effects of lead in female glass workers in China. Am J Ind Med 28(2) 233-244. 

Enterline, P. E., and V. Henderson (1975). The health of retired fibrous glass workers. Arch. Environ. Health 30 113-116. 

It is just this art of staining crystal which is represented very fully in the Swedish papyrus. There is no reference to colored glass gems as manufactured by the glass workers. This manuscript gives us the detailed explanations which make Pliny s statement more intelligible. 

The blowpipe is a narrow tube through which a stream of air can be blown. When applied to a flame, it produces a fine jet at a high temperature. Jewelers, glass workers, and craftsmen working with metal had used the instrument since antiquity, and it had remained a tool of skilled artisans for thousands of years before it was used in chemistry. In the eighteenth century it came into wide use as a specifically chemical instrument, first in Sweden and then, over the next half-century and more, throughout the rest of Europe. 

Arsenic is metabolised to monomethylarsonic acid and dimediylarsinic acid. Individuals exposed to arsenic, such as glass workers, may have a total arsenic concentration in the urine of up to 0.07 LLg/ml, more than 50% of it appearing as... 

Use By glass workers to remove molten material from the melt preparatory to shaping finished articles. 

Printers Stained glass workers Wallpaper printers... 

Lakatos L Mythology of lead poisoning (letter). Pediatrics 91 160-161, 1993 Landrigan P, Tamblyn PB, Nelson M, et al Lead exposure in stained glass workers. Am J Ind Med 1 177-180, 1980... 

Figure 2.11 shows a Flemish drawing from the early fifteenth century depicting glass workers in Bohemia, from the Travels of Sir John Mandeville. It shows the legendary pit of Mynon with its inexhaustible supply of sand. 

Murano, a small island near Venice, became a glass center. Glass workers on Murano were generally not allowed to leave the island. 

Workers with prolonged exposure to heat from open flames, such as welders, glass workers, foundry workers, blast-furnace workers (Schwartz 1947) open field cooks (Olumide et al. 1991) bakers and silversmiths (Page and Shear 1993), may develop striking reticulate pigmentation called erythema ab igne. After many years, these individuals may also develop thermal keratoses which may show only cutaneous epidermal dysplasia, squamous cell carcinoma in situ, or become invasive squamous cell carcinoma (Schwartz and Stoll 1993). 

Exposure to trace elements in glass workers is associated with internal malignancy (Wingren and Axelson 1993) There is a suggestion that nasal cancer may be associated with occupational exposure to arsenic (Battista et al. 1996). 

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