Giardiasis treatment

Gardner TB, Hill DR. Treatment of giardiasis. Clin Microbiol Rev 2001 14 114-128. 

O For treatment of giardiasis (or as empirical treatment), metronidazole 250 mg three times daily for 7 days or tinida-zole 2 g as a single dose is recommended. 

Giardiasis For the treatment of giardiasis caused by Giardia duodenalis (also termed Giardia lamblia) in adults and pediatric patients older than 3 years of age. Trichomoniasis For the treatment of trichomoniasis caused by Trichomonas vaginalis in female and male patients. Because trichomoniasis is a sexually transmitted disease with potentially serious sequelae, partners of infected patients should be treated simultaneously in order to prevent reinfection. 

Children Other than for use in the treatment of giardiasis and amebiasis in pediatric patients older than 3 years of age, safety and efficacy of tinidazole in pediatric patients have not been established. 

Stool culture for pathogens, notably salmonel-lae and shigellae, and examination for the exotoxin of Clostridium difficile in pseudo-membranous colitis, are important considerations in acute disease. C. difficile requires oral vancomycin or metronidazole treatment, and giardiasis generally responds to metronidazole. 

Although quinacrine hydrochloride has been used for the treatment of giardiasis, many physicians prefer metronidazole. Furazolidone is an alternate choice. 

This is mainly employed for the treatment of gastrointestinal infections e.g. bacillary dysentery, giardiasis, bacterial enteritis etc. 

It is indicated in drug resistant P. falciparum malaria and in the treatment of giardiasis. 

It is indicated in giardiasis, amoebic liver abscess, intestinal amoebiasis, trichomoniasis, ulcerative gingivitis, treatment and prophylaxis of anaerobic infections. 

Other protozoal infection is giardiasis which is caused by Giardia lamblia and the drug of choice in its treatment are imidazole derivatives. 

A structurally similar agent, tinidazole, is a once-daily drug approved for treatment of trichomonas infection, giardiasis, and amebiasis. It also is active against anaerobic bacteria, but is not FDA-approved for treatment of anaerobic infections. 

Metronidazole is the treatment of choice for giardiasis. The dosage for giardiasis is much lower—and the drug thus better tolerated—than that for amebiasis. Efficacy after a single treatment is about 90%. Tinidazole is at least equally effective. 

It is highly effective in terminating acute vivax and falciparum malaria. It is also valuable in the treatment of intraintestinal amebiasis and some cases of giardiasis (1). Chloroquine also produce symptomatic improvement in Barbesia infections. It can be used as an antirheumatic agent (23). 

As in giardiasis, measures to prevent transmission include proper disposal of feces, wastewater treatment, and a filtration step before chlorination in water treatment plants that draw from surface water sources. Cooking kills the oocysts in contaminated foods and boiling for at least one minute wiU make water safe for use. Heating to 160°F is known to kiU the oocysts. Chlorination is ineffective in killing... 

Jokipii, L., Jokipii, A.M.M. Treatment of giardiasis comparative evaluation of ornidazole and tinidazole as a single oral dose. Gastroenterology 1982 83 399 - 404... 

Fnrazohdone is used in the treatment of giardiasis. Its adverse effects are usually mild and transient abdominal discomfort, nausea, and vomiting. The urine may be dark-colored (SEDA-11, 597). Metabolites of furazolidone inhibit monoamine oxidase (1) and there is therefore the potential for interactions with foods containing tyramine (2) and with opioid analgesics hyperpyrexia has been reported in rabbits that were given fnrazohdone and pethidine (3). 

Metronidazole is effective in the treatment of many protozoal diseases, notably trichomoniasis, amebiasis, schistosomiasis, strongyloidiasis, and giardiasis, and has been in use for over 20 years. 

The nitroimidazole metronidazole 5 mg/kg orally three times a day for 10 days is effective in the treatment of equine giardiasis. The benzimidazole anthelmintic fenbendazole is used in the treatment of giardiasis in dogs and cats. 

This is the most extensively studied class of nitroheterocycles, which has revolutionized the treatment of trichomoniasis, amoebiasis and giardiasis in humans [20], The design of nitroimidazole drugs may be broadly grouped in two heads. 

Nifurtimox (4) and furazolidone (5) exhibit high activity against human trypanosomiasis and giardiasis, respectively, and are used in the treatment of protozoal infections in human,... 

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