Genetics aggression

Sallinen J, Haapalinna A, Viitamaa T, Kobilka BK, Scheinin M (1998) Adrenergic Ojc-receptors modulate the acoustic startle reflex, prepulse inhibition, and aggression in mice. J. Neuroscience 18 3035-3042 Sallinen J, Haapalinna A, Viitamaa T, Kobilka BK, Scheinin M (1998) D-amphetamine and L-5-hydroxytryptophan-induced behaviours in mice with genetically-altered expression of the a2c-adrenergic receptor subtype. Neuroscience 86 959-965... 

Griebel G, Moreau J-L, Jenck F, Martin JR, Misslin R (1993) Some critical determinants of the behavior of rats in the elevated plus-maze. Behav Process 29 37-48 Griebel G, Sanger DJ, Perrault G (1997) Genetic differences in the mouse defense test battery. Aggress Behav 23 10-31... 

Gammie SC, Nelson RJ (1999) Maternal aggression is reduced in neuronal nitric oxide synthase-deficient mice. J Neurosci 19 8027-8035 Caspar P, Cases O, Maroteaux L (2003) The developmental role of serotonin news from mouse molecular genetics. Nat Rev Neurosci 4 1002-1012 Gobbi G, Murphy DL, Lesch K, Blier P (2001) Modifications of the serotonergic system in mice lacking serotonin transporters an in vivo electrophysiological study. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 296 987-995... 

Environmental stimuli and context are relevant to the occurrence of aggression. The interaction between environment and genetic risk factors may offer new opportunities for intervention. For example, individuals with family histories of suicide are at increased risk for suicide. However, even individuals with low levels of 5-HI A A generally do not make daily or even monthly attempts—so what is it that relates to an attempt happening on one day and not another Maes et al. (1995)... 

Cadoret, R.J., Yates, W.R., Troughton, E., Woodworth, G., and Stewart, M.A.(1995) Genetic-environmental interaction in the genesis of aggressivity and conduct disorders. Arch Gen Psychiatry 52 916-924. 

Ghodesian-Carpey, J. and Baker, L.A. (1987) Genetic and environmental influences on aggression in 4- to 7-year-old twins. Aggressive Behav 13 173. 

Violence and aggression are multifactorial in etiology, involving individual (genetic, brain) as well environmental and societal factors (Filley et al., 2001). The treatment of violence requires a multisystems approach, which in children and adolescents with clear neuropsychiatric conditions, may require psychophar-macologic intervention. 

The third part. Developmental Psychopathology, delves into detailed disease-specific overviews. Each of the chapters covers issues pertaining to nosology and classification, to genetic determinants, brain systems implicated, environmental influences, and nature-nurture interactions. Neurotransmission and neuromodulation, and hormonal and other developmental influences are addressed and, whenever available, relevant animal models are incorporated into the discussion. The interplay of normative and derailed development is a core concept for these chapters. Of the part s 12 chapters, 9 are devoted to traditionally defined disease categories, and 3 cover the overarching areas of early-life stress, aggression, and affiliative behaviors. 

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