GENERAL INDE

IND Process and Review Procedures (Including Clinical Holds) includes general IND review principles, policies, and procedures for issuing clinical holds of INDs, and processing and responding to sponsors complete responses to clinical holds. 

The index in each volume contains all the names of persoiis and places refened to in the text, as well as those mentioned in the notes as far as they refer to the medieval period. It does not include the names of modem scholars. A general ind c, it is hoped, will appear after all the volumes have been published. 

Though no such argument is currently known for general flux relation of. the form (11.61), certain special cases have proved more amenable. For example, suppose all the elements of the matrix are constants, inde-... 

Flooding and Loading Since flooding or phase inversion normally represents the maximum capacity condition for a packed column, it is desirable to predict its value for new designs. The first generalized correlation of packed-column flood points was developed by Sherwood, Shipley, and Holloway [Ind. Eng. Chem., 30, 768 (1938)] on the basis of laboratory measurements primarily on the air-water system. 

One cannot quantitatively predict the effect of the various interfacial phenomena thus, these phenomena will not be covered in detail here. The following literature gives a good general review of the effects of interfacial phenomena on mass transfer Goodridge and Robb, Ind. Eng. Chem. Fund., 4, 49 (1965) Calderbank, Chem. Eng. (London), CE 205 (1967) Gal-Or et al., Ind. Eng. Chem., 61(2), 22 (1969) Kintner, Adv. Chem. Eng., 4 (1963) Resnick and Gal-Or, op. cit., p. 295 Valentin, loc. cit. and Elenkov, loc. cit., and Ind. Eng. Chem. Ann. Rev. Mass Transfer, 60(1), 67 (1968) 60(12), 53 (1968) 62(2), 41 (1970). In the following outhne, the effects of the various interfacial phenomena on the factors that influence overall mass transfer are given. Possible effects of interfacial phenomena are tabulated below ... 

Pressure drop in a venturi scrubber is controlled by throat velocity. While some venturis have fixed throats, marw are designed with variable louvers to change throat dimensions and control performance for changes in gas flow. Pressure-drop equations have been developed by Calvert (R-13, R-14, R-15), Boll [Ind Eng Chem Fundam, 12, 40 (1973)], and Hesketh [J. Air Pollut Control Assoc, 24, 939 (1974)]. Hollands and Goel [Ind Eng Chem Fundam, 14, 16 (1975)] have developed a generalized pressure-drop equation. 

General References Biissolari, Schiff, andTreyhal, Ind. Eng. Chem., 45,... 

Surface diffusivities are generally strongly dependent on the fractional surface coverage and increase rapidly at surface coverage greater than 80 percent [see for example Yang et al., AIChB J., 19, 1052 (1973)]. For estimation purposes, the correlation of Sladek et al. [Ind. Bng. Chem. Fundam., 13, 100 (1974)] can be used to predict surface diffusivities for gas-phase adsorption on a variety of adsorbents. 

K is K, just below the collectors critical micelle concentration, C,. Ko is Ki at some higher cohector concentration, C,. E is the relative effectiveness, in adsorbing cohigend, of surface cohector versus micehar collector. Generally, E > 1. F, is the surface excess of collector. More about each K is avahable [Lemhch, Adsubble Methods, in Li (ed.). Recent Developments in Separation Science, vol. 1, CRC Press, Cleveland, 1972, pp. 113-127 Jashnani and Lemlich, Ind. Eng. Chem. Process Des. Dev., 12, 312 (1973)]. 

With a reactive solvent, the mass-transfer coefficient may be enhanced by a factor E so that, for instance. Kg is replaced by EKg. Like specific rates of ordinary chemical reactions, such enhancements must be found experimentally. There are no generalized correlations. Some calculations have been made for idealized situations, such as complete reaction in the liquid film. Tables 23-6 and 23-7 show a few spot data. On that basis, a tower for absorption of SO9 with NaOH is smaller than that with pure water by a factor of roughly 0.317/7.0 = 0.045. Table 23-8 lists the main factors that are needed for mathematical representation of KgO in a typical case of the absorption of CO9 by aqueous mouethauolamiue. Figure 23-27 shows some of the complex behaviors of equilibria and mass-transfer coefficients for the absorption of CO9 in solutions of potassium carbonate. Other than Henry s law, p = HC, which holds for some fairly dilute solutions, there is no general form of equilibrium relation. A typically complex equation is that for CO9 in contact with sodium carbonate solutions (Harte, Baker, and Purcell, Ind. Eng. Chem., 25, 528 [1933]), which is... 

Haman, S. E. M. et al, Generalized Temperature-Dependent Parameters of the Redlich-Kwong of State for Vapor-Liquid Equilibrium Calculations, Ind. Eng. Chem. Process Des. Dev. 16, 1, (1977) p. 51. 

Foundation Loads and Pressures. Foundations should be designed to support the weight of the structure, the live load, and the load effect on the structure and its foundation due to such other loads as v. ind. In general, for foundation designs, a safety factor of 3 is used for dead loads or live loads independently. A safety factor of 2 is used for combination loads including transient loads [38,40]. 

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