Medieval period

Natron and ash of seaweeds provided the sodium which served as the flux in all glasses till the Medieval period. Wood ashes then came into use, which changed the glass formulation to such a degree that potassium salts became the principal fluxing alkaUes. 

The wood water wheels used in the medieval period were, by modern standards, inefficient. Medieval undershot and horizontal wheels probably had an efficiency of about 15 percent to 25 percent, medieval overshot wheels about 50 percent to 60 percent. Commonly, their power output was only about 2—5 lip. But relative to the alternatives available at the time—human or animal power—they offered a very substantial gain in power. 

By the end of the medieval period, growing European reliance on wind and waterpower had created the world s first society with a substantial dependence on inanimate power sources. 

Of course. Though it isn t really my period, twentieth-century fine presses. I m more about early-modern European printing. Gutenberg s heirs, the rise of individual piety in the late medieval period. Presses and typography, of course, but reception history as well. ... 

Maybe. "Joachim of Fiore is the most important apocalyptic thinker of the whole medieval period"... 

Less noted today is the fact that The World Set Free also posited the collapse of world economies as a direct result of atomic transmutation. In Wells s novel, gold was one of the by-products of the newly harnessed atomic energy that powered cars and houses. It thus became worthless. Wells begins his novel in a Soddyian vein, with a chapter entitled The Sun Snarers that recounts the history of mankind s use of energy. When he reaches the late medieval period in his story, Wells notes ... 

The precise methods for the preparation of tar in prehistory are not well understood. Archaeological and documentary evidence exists for sophisticated and large-scale methods of manufacture in the Medieval period (Kurzweil and Todtenhaupt, 1991). A number of simpler methods involving heating in sealed pottery vessels have been proposed and tested (Kurzweil and Todtenhaupt, 1990). However, these processes would leave little trace in the archaeological... 

Further uses of tars are documented much later in the Medieval period. Tar was also painted over doors or beds, where it was thought to ward off evil spirits, perhaps due to its pungent smell. Rajewski (1970) observes that references to tar can be encountered in many proverbs of at least Medieval date in both rural and urban populations. This remarkable ethnohistoric record has its roots in much earlier populations of northern Europe. 

Self-inflicted starvation was not uncommon in early religious groups, so that anorexia nervosa may have occurred in the medieval periods but Richard Martin is usually credited with the first medical description in 1689 1 do not remember that 1 ever did in all my practice see one, that was conversant with living so much wasted with the greatest degree of consumption (Uke a skeleton only clad with skin) . 

Greep, S.J. (1987). Use of bone, antler and ivory in the Roman and medieval periods. Archaeological Bone, Antler and Ivory. UKIC. 

The dissolution of feudalism threw Europe into an extended period of crisis, which affected society, politics and culture from the late medieval period to the end of the seventeentli century. Ingredients in this crisis included the... 

Many of the settlements, however, continue to be occupied during the following Medieval period. Especially after Khorezmia became independent under the Khor-ezmshahs in the eleventh century ad, a shift of the major settlement concentration... 

Unconventional stories are the first source for experimental narrative. Generally, the stories tend to be exploratory—stories of identity, stories of alienation, meditations on a time or place. Vincent Ward s film The Navigator looks at a medieval period Clara Law s Autumn Moon looks at Hong Kong— a place where change and tradition meet and, in the 1990s, conflict. Because experimental narrative sidesteps plot, stories of character dominate. Because the genre favors open-ended or nonlinear stories, the preference is for tone, to make up for the absence of resolution. 

Alchemical theory was essentially static throughout the medieval period. Tlie long line of verbose writers on alchemy had little new to bring forward, beyond variants of cryptic and pictorial expression, until the time of Paracelsus (M93 540- Predominantly, Paracelsus was the herald of a new era, an era of iatrochemistry, or chemistry applied to medicine (p. 98). His contribution to alchemical theory lay in the addition to sulphur and mercury of a third principle, which he called salt. Materially this w as recognised as the principle of uninflammability and fixidity. 

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