General Electric Power Systems

Jon Ebacher, General Electric Power Systems, SOFCs, Direct Firing, Wind, presentation to the committee, April 23, 2003. 

General Electric Power Systems USA 0.7 kW 1999 Planar SOFCs, atmospheric and hybrid systems... 

General Electric Power Systems, Hybrid Power Generation Systems, 19310 Pacific Gateway Drive, Torrance, CA 90502-1031, USA nguyen.minh ps.ge.com... 

Generally, electrical control systems are designed Fail-Safe. If power is temporarily lost, unnecessary shutdown of the process may occur. Thus, most safety systems such as fire and gas detectors, Nav-Aids, communications, and emergency lighting require standby D.C. power. 

A coordinated time base is essential. This simple requirement is not necessarily trivial on-board ship. Many analytical instruments and recording devices keep time by counting electrical cycles. This timekeeping method uses the excellent frequency control commonly found in U.S. electric power systems. At sea, however, frequency drifts, thus, clocks drift too. If all laboratory data were logged immediately into a computer data base, it would be relatively easy to coordinate computer time and real time. However, the situation can be confused when signals first go to strip-chart recorders for subsequent evaluation and then transfer to the general files. Provision then must be made for regular time marks on the chart. 

This book can be used as a general handbook for applying electrical engineering to the oil, gas and petrochemical industries. The contents have been developed from a series of lectures on electrical power systems, given to oil company staff and university students, in various countries. The author has condensed many years of his knowledge and practical experience into the book. 

In GDC no mention is made of possible interaction of systems in general (electric power only is treated)... 

Let assume that it is possible to define a function 0(G) > 0 which allows assessing G. For example, for electric power systems infrastrucUire, such function is generally related to the ability of the system to provide an adequate supply of electrical energy [Wood and Wollenberg, 1996 BiUinton. and Li, 1994]. 

A satellite or spacecraft bus is the general model upon which multiple-production satellite spacecrafts are often based. The bus is the spacecraft infrastructure, usually providing locations for the payload (typically space experiments or instruments). The bus is made up mainly of the satellite structure, the electrical power system including the solar panels, the batteries and the power control unit (PCU), the fuel tanks and thrusters. This is often a recurring part reused and adapted from satellite to satellite. The payload includes mission equipment such as antennas, transponders, cameras, telescopes, detectors, instruments for scientific experiments, etc. 

Most automated SiFs are designed as de-energize to trip. As a result, the PFDavg calculation for these SIFs generally does not take into consideration any utility systems. Operator action inherently requires support systems to compiete the safety function. Display/alarms require power to actuate the light and/or horn for operator response. Therefore, the reliability of the electrical power system directly affects the PFDavg of the credited operator action. 

Reed, G. E, Stanchina, W. E. (2010). Smart grid education models for modem electric power system engineering curriculum. IEEE power and energy society general meeting, IEEE (pp. 1-5). IEEE Piscataway, New Jersey. 

The electric power system includes electrical elements management, elements of production and power storage capacity, and a general distribution organization. 

For serviceabiUty analysis, each infrastructure system will have its own unique metrics and methodologies for evaluating system performance in terms of service flow levels or qualify, fti general physical flow evaluations can be used to quantify the post-earthquake capacity of an infrastructure system. For the electric power system, for example, it is possible to determine flow at each node by solving a set of power flow equations simultaneously to find an equiUbrium state across the network (Ang et al. 1996), while hydraulic analysis can be used for flow calculations in the potable and waste water systems. The methods for each individual infrastructure system are not described here but they are based on established physical models which can be found by consulting relevant texts. 

DOE commissioned an independent safety, assessment (ISA) of the electric power systems for the Savannah River production reactors. This report (Reference 1) recommended that a graduated-risk- acteptance approach be used to determine the acceptability of the electric. power sy stem for restart. A. key point in this approach is that at one end of the risk spectrum there needs to be a very strong confidence that the systems can accommodate the postulated transients and accidents that could.occur in. the near. future. At the other end of the risk spectrum, posftulated accidents that are rare (that is extremely low probabilities) do not necessarily have to be resolved completely prior to restart. This approach is consi tent with that used by the NRC when considering the readiness of a licensed nuclear power plant to restart. The general restart criteria below are based upoh this graduated-risk-acceptance approach. 

Chart of the Nuclides, 12th ed.. General Electric Co., Nuclear Power Systems Division, San Jose, Calif., 1977. 

In the ease of an offshore facility, electrical power is generally ge ated on site by engine- or turbine-driven generator sets using natural or diesel as fuel. Most installations are designed to handle the total e tri. 1 even if one generator is out of service. To minimize the siz st quipment, some facilities have a system to automatically f... 

Generally, electricity is purchased from a local supplier. Power is required to generate motor drives for lighting and for general uses. Note tliat, in tlie typical distillation operation illustrated in Fig. 16.3.3, a power outage for the entire system would cause a less severe effect tlian failure of a reflux pump alone. 

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