Gated channel, definition

A native oxide layer on an n-type mercury cadmium telluride substrate 11 is used in combination with ZnS to provide first level insulation 12. The ZnS is deposited by thermal evaporation and an opaque field plate is provided for signal channel definition. Second level insulation of ZnS is deposited. This layer is thicker than the first level, and is provided with a stepped or sloped geometry under the first level gates. Input and output diodes are provided with MIS guard rings to increase breakdown voltages. 

There are several major classes of Ca channels (1) receptor-operated Ca channels in plasma membranes (2) ligand-gated Ca " channels in intracellular membranes and (3) voltage-dependent Ca channels that are usually found in plasma membranes or the invaginations of the plasma membrane that are known as transverse tubule membranes. Receptor-dependent or receptor-operated Ca channels (ROCCs) are primarily opened in response to activation of their associated receptors and, by definition, exhibit a certain amount of selectivity for Ca " over other cations. Several potentially different types of ROCCs have been characterized including ATP-sensitive channels in smooth muscle [1], mitogen and IP3-sensitive... 

The silicon dioxide gate insulator is 30 nm thick. This short channel has been prepared without high resolution lithography by using undercutting for the definition of the sub-micrometer channel length. 

Interestingly, the voltage-gated CLC has classic channel characteristics, whereas CFTR has characteristics of an ion channel and a carrier. Apparently, in the case of CLC, the classical definition for channels and carriers is mixed, suggesting that the two types of ion transport mechanisms share common features. 

Excitable cells—Cells that are capable of generating action potential. By definition these are cells expressing Nay or Gay channels generally neuronal and muscle cells. Gating—The intrinsic mechanism responsible for ion... 

Ion chaimels are not always open. Single channel molecules switch suddenly (in less than one microsecond) between definite open and closed states. Single chaimel molecules open and close stochastically (in a process called spontaneous gating ) according to well-defined probability distributions [2] that are usually well described by Markov models (with a few rate constants that depend dramatically on conditions [6]). 

LNT is similar to CSP and CCS process algebra, it represents a system by a set of processes communicating through channels. An LNT specification consists of two parts the data part defines types and functions and the control part defines the behaviour (process). The control part is a super-set of data part. It includes all data part instructions and adds the non-determinism, the asynchronous parallelism and communications. In the rest of this section, we present the essential elements of the LNT language. We include some definitions to make the comprehension easier. In the rest of this paper, we adopt the following notations B for behaviour G for gate identifier and P for process identifier. 

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