Gastrointestinal intolerance vitamin

The absorption of vitamin C is saturated at high doses, and therefore intakes above 1 g/day would be associated with negligible increased uptake at tissue levels, but they increase the risk of adverse gastrointestinal effects. Indeed, acute gastrointestinal intolerance (e.g., abdominal distension, flatulence, diarrhea, transient colic) has been observed. 

Systematic reviews The efficacy and safety of high dose vitamin C in complex regional pain S5mdrome has been evaluated in a systematic review and meta-analysis of four trials including 1065 participants. Gastrointestinal intolerance was the only adverse event reported in one included study [34 j. 

Celiac disease is the result of the development of inflammatory-allergic condition due to gluten intolerance. The disease occurs both in adults and in children in a number of countries all over the world. Its occurrence is fairly frequent, it is estimated that approximately 1% of the population suffers from it. Patients manifest not only gastrointestinal symptoms, but also symptoms which are the consequence of malabsorption syndrome, such as osteoporosis, hypochromic anemia, hypoproteinaemia, hypocalcemia, short stature in children, vitamin deficiency, secondary polysensibilization, and emotional disturbances. Moreover, it has been observed that the occurrence of autoimmunological diseases and neoplasms in patients who are not treated with gluten-free diet doubles (Swinson et al., 1983 Ventura et al., 1999). 

There are many scientific evidences, supported by clinical studies, on the efficacy of probiotics in the prevention and treatment of gastrointestinal disorders, respiratory, and urogenital diseases. Many microbial strains with probiotic properties are able not only to restore the intestinal microbial balance, but also to impart other beneficial effects on health, associated with the production of acids, bacteriocins and with the competition with pathogenic microorganisms. Among these, the main effects are the reduction of the level of cholesterol in the blood, the reduction of fecal enzymes, with potentially mutagenic activity that can induce the onset of tumors, the reduction of lactose intolerance, the increase of the response of the immune system, the increase of calcium absorption, and synthesis of vitamins. ... 

The inadequate intake of riboflavin seems to be the main cause for the deficiency of this vitamin, being common in populations whose diet lack dairy products and meat, and in anorexic individuals. Digestion and intestinal absorption disorders are other causes of disability, as observed in individuals with lactose intolerance, tropical sprue, coeliac disease and intestinal resection, as well as gastrointestinal and biliary obstruction. Other disorders such as diarrhoea, infectious enteritis and irritable bowel syndrome can cause poor absorption by increasing intestinal motility. Riboflavin deficiency also occurs in conditions such as chronic alcoholism, diabetes mellitus and inflammatory bowel diseases. 

These resins exert their effects within the gastrointestinal tract their side effects are therefore generally the result of local intolerance (constipation, cramps, discomfort) or of interference with the absorption of drugs or fat-soluble vitamins (SED VIII, p. 935) (21 ). 

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