Gastric ulcer, vitamin

Armario, A., Campmany, L., Borras, M. and Hidalgo, J. (1990). Vitamin E-supplemented diets reduce lipid peroxidation but do not alter either pituitary-adrenal, glucose, and lactate responses to immobilization stress or gastric ulceration. Free Rad. Res. Commun. 9, 113-118. 

With the exception of the possible development of a hypervitaminosis associated with high-dose administration of vitamin D2 or D3, the compounds discussed in this chapter are relatively safe. Allergic reactions to the injection of calcitonin and PTH have occurred and chronic use of some bisphosphonates has been associated with the development of osteomalacia. The principal side effects of intravenous bisphosphonates are mild and include low-grade fever and transient increases in serum creatinine and phosphate levels. Oral bisphosphonates are poorly absorbed and can cause esophageal and gastric ulceration. They should be taken on an empty stomach the individual must remain upright for 30 minutes after ingestion. 

Ascorbate reacts with nitrite forming NO, NO2, and N2, so preventing the formation of nitrosa-mines. In addition to ascorbate in foods, there is considerable secretion of ascorbate in the gastric juice, and inhibition of gastric secretion for treatment of gastric ulcers, as well as reducing vitamin Bi2 absorption, also inhibits this presumably protective gastric secretion of ascorbate. 

Gastrointestinal signs and symptoms of vitamin B12 deficiency occur in 26% of cases. These include sore tongue, stomatitis, mucosal ulceration, appetite loss, flatulence, and constipation or diarrhea. Appetite loss, excess gas, and diarrhea are probably related to the underlying gastric disorder (i.e., gastric atrophy) in pernicious anemia. Gastrointestinal symptoms may occur in the absence of symptomatic anemia or macrocytosis. 

Cirrhosis, alcoholic hepatitis, pancreatitis, gastric or duodenal ulcer, esophageal varices, middle-age onset of diabetes, gastrointestinal cancer, hypertension, peripheral neuropathies, myopathies, cardiomyopathy, cerebral vascular accidents, erectile dysfunction, vitamin deficiencies, pernicious anemia, and brain disorders including Wemicke-Korsakoff syndrome (mortality rate of untreated Wernicke is 50% treatment is with thiamine)... 

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