Gasoline, manufacture

Additives and the blending process became an increasingly important part of gasoline manufacture after World War II. Refiners had to balance such factors as customer specifications, regulatory requirements, and probable storage (i.e., nonuse) time. The... 

Gasoline, manufacture of, 99-100 octane number of, 100 Gatterman-Koch reaction. 596 Gauche conformation, 95 butane and, 95-96 steric strain in, 96... 

Some catalysts used in gasoline manufacture consist of finely divided platinum supported on an inert solid. Suppose that the platinum is formed by the high temperature reaction between platinum dioxide, PtOj, and hydrogen gas to form platinum metal and water. 

Modern refining concepts-an update on naphtha-isomerization to modem gasoline manufacture. Catal. Today, 81 (1), 51-55. 

Ion exchange of the Na+ cations with NH4+, and subsequent drying and calcination, gives the solid acid H-ZSM-5, used in synthetic gasoline manufacture and... 

Finally, we note the commercially important Fischer-Tropsch synthesis reaction for gasoline manufacture, mentioned in Section I.B. The reaction formula may be written... 

Derivation A by-product in petroleum refining or gasoline manufacture. 

Use Disinfectants, solvents, pharmaceuticals, insecticides and fungicides, plasticizers, rubber chemicals, additives to lubricants and gasolines, manufacture of polyphenylene oxide (2,6-isomer only), wetting agents, dyestuffs. 

Propylene. Unlike ethylene, propylene production does not represent the requirement for propylene derivatives. With few exceptions, propylene is not made on purpose but is obtained as a by-product of other processes. More specifically, large quantities of relatively low purity (40-70%) propylene are produced in refineries as a by-product of gasoline manufacture. Additionally, significant quantities of higher purity propylene originate in olefins plants, where ethylene is the primary product. However, only polymer-grade propylene (>99% pure) can in any way be considered an on-purpose product. To better understand... 

Refinery-grade propylene (60-75%) recovered from refinery off-gases in gasoline manufacture ... 

Benzene Octane number of gasoline/manufacture of many chemicals Leukemia/chromosomal damage in exposed wotkers/behaviour changes... 

In this paper we describe some recent work done by Shell Research (which is submitted to the Tripartite Group) on the effects of gasoline composition and properties on vehicle emissions. In addition the manufacture of MTBE, a relatively new gasoline component and a major feature of US reformulated gasoline is reviewed. Catalysts appear to play an important role in both gasoline manufacture (illustrated for MTBE production) and gasoline end use (exhaust catalysis). 

Companies that engage in covered manufacturing, importing, or processing must keep records that are received by their distribution subsidiaries. For example, a gasoline manufacturer must record allegations received by its subsidiary that owns retail gas stations. ... 

Obviously, a complete determination of the reaction kinetics, both homogeneous and catalytic, of this process would be extremely difficult. Hence, for gasoline manufacture, it was suggested to use the following simplified reaction model ... 

Ether processes combine an alcohol with an iso-olefin. This is a recent addition to the gasoline manufacturing scheme. These processes were prompted by newer regulations requiring gasoline blends to contain some oxygenated compounds. When the alcohol is methanol and the iso-olefin is isobutylene, the product is methyl tertiary butyl ether (MTBE). When the alcohol is ethanol, and product is ethyl tertiary butyl ether (ETBE). When the alcohol is methanol and the iso-olefin is isoamylene, the product is tertiary amyl methyl ether (TAME). 

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