Gasoline exhaust

Diesel and gasoline exhaust gas purification has drawn increasing attention. Catalyst materials containing different noble metals, such as Pd, Pt, and Rh,... 

Source Naturally occurs in blood and urine in small concentrations. Reported in cigarette smoke (1,100 ppm) and gasoline exhaust (2.3 to 14.0 ppm) (quoted, Verschueren, 1983). 

Benzole]pyrene is produced from the combustion of tobacco and petroleum fuels. It also occurs in low octane gasoline (0.18-0.87 mg/kg), high octane gasoline (0.45-1.82 mg/kg), used motor oil (92.2-278.4 mg/kg), asphalt (<0.0052 wt %), coal tar pitch (<0.70 wt %), cigarette smoke (3 ig/l,000 cigarettes), and gasoline exhaust (quoted, Verschueren, 1983). Lehmann et al. (1984) reported a benzole]pyrene concentration of 0.02 mg/g in a commercial anthracene oil. 

Source Identified in Kuwait and South Louisiana crude oils at concentrations of 6.9 and 17.5 ppm, respectively (Pancirov and Brown, 1975). Also present in high octane gasoline (6.7 mg/kg), bitumen (1.64-5.14 ppm), gasoline exhaust (27-318 pg/m ), cigarette smoke (60 pg/1,000 cigarettes), and South Louisiana crude oil (17.5 ppm) (quoted, Verschueren, 1983). Also detected in fresh motor oil (56 mg/L), used motor oil (10.17 mg/L) (Pasquini and Monarca, 1093). 

Other combustion sources of nitro-PAHs and nitro-PACs include, for example, the following gasoline exhaust, Wang et al., 1978 Alsberg et al., 1985 IARC, 1989 coal fly ash, Fisher et al., 1979 Fisher, 1983 White, 1985 wood smoke, Alfheim et al., 1984b indoor air particulate matter, e.g., emissions from a kerosene heater, Kinouchi et al., 1988 see also the review by van Houdt (1990) and references therein. 

B. Franzen, M. Jansson, J. A. Gustafsson, K. E. Egeback, and G. Tejle, Chemical and Biological Characterization of Organic Material from Gasoline Exhaust Particles, Environ. Sci. Technol., 19, 43-50 (1985). 

VOCs emissions are also due to gasoline vapour emissions [67-69]. Song et al. [70] estimated that 52% of average VOCs concentration in Bejing was due to gasoline exhaust and gas vapour emissions. 

I, 2-dibromoethane, ethylbenzene, lead, toluene, and xylene (ATSDR 1989, 1990, 1991). In addition, this profile will not discuss the health effects associated with exposure to automotive gasoline exhaust or combustion products of gasoline because these products contain other substances that are not constituents of gasoline itself. 

There currently exists only one series of studies of potential neurotoxic effects of inhaled environmental manganese (Mergler et al. 1999 Baldwin et al. 1999 Beuter et al. 1999). These exposures most likely resulted from a point source, but the possible contribution of airborne manganese from MMT-gasoline exhaust caimot be excluded. These studies lend support to the possibility that the elderly may be a population susceptible to the neurotoxic effects of excess manganese exposure. Studies are currently needed... 

Autobody repairing Automobile mechanic (2A diesel gasoline exhaust)... 

Welders (2B welding fumes) Dyer (2B textile manufacture) Gas station attendant (2A diesel gasoline exhaust) Laundry operator Machinist Painter (1) Pharmacist Printer... 

Raunemaa, T., Hyvonen, V., and Kauppinen, E. (1984) Submicron size particle growth and chemical transformation in gasoline exhaust, 1. Size distribution and transformation, J. Aerosol Sci. 15, 335-341. 

EXPOSURE ROUTES cigarette smoke gasoline exhaust emissions ingestion of water or foods inhalation dermal contact in workplace recreational contaminated waterways... 

Sampling and analysis for Pb have been difficult because of low concentrations and abundant contamination sources lead paint, lead weights, and gasoline exhausts. The latter source is now substantially reduced, so perhaps the current Pb contamination problem is less serious than it was in the 1980s. 

Fig. 2 EPR spectra for solid PM samples from air pollution and vehicular exhaust. Diesel exhaust particles (DEP), Total suspended particles (TSP), Gasoline exhaust particles (GEP), PMjo, PM2.5 and PM0.7...

In the cases of both diesel and gasoline exhaust the extract was concentrated, chromatographically cleaned, filtered and separated by high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) using ultra-violet fluorescence detection. 

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