Gas-liquid separation systems

FI gas-liquid separation systems may be classified according to the chemical processes involved. In most cases the analyte is transformed into a volatile species by means of a suitable acid-base chemical reaction before the separation such as for the release of carbon dioxide, sulphur dioxide, hydrogen cyanide, hydrogen sulfide. Sometimes the analyte is sufficiently volatile to be separated from the liquid phase under elevated temperatures without further reaction. Among these are ethanol, ozone, and chlorine dioxide. 

FI gas-liquid separation systems may also be classified according to the physical means of separation. Two main approaches are available for performing on-line gas-liquid separations in FIA systems, i.e. ... 

C.-C. Hsieh, S.-C. Yao, Development of a microscale passive gas-liquid separation system, in. Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Multiphase... 

Three examples of simple multivariable control problems are shown in Fig. 8-40. The in-line blending system blends pure components A and B to produce a product stream with flow rate w and mass fraction of A, x. Adjusting either inlet flow rate or Wg affects both of the controlled variables andi. For the pH neutrahzation process in Figure 8-40(Z ), liquid level h and the pH of the exit stream are to be controlled by adjusting the acid and base flow rates and w>b. Each of the manipulated variables affects both of the controlled variables. Thus, both the blending system and the pH neutralization process are said to exhibit strong process interacHons. In contrast, the process interactions for the gas-liquid separator in Fig. 8-40(c) are not as strong because one manipulated variable, liquid flow rate L, has only a small and indirec t effect on one controlled variable, pressure P. 

A slight disadvantage of the concept is phase separation, as the phases are thoroughly inter-mixed. In contrast to liquid/liquid dispersion, the gas/liquid separation should be, however, not nearly as troublesome. Another more serious drawback stems from the disperse nature of the systems involving a size distribution of the initial bubbles in the continuous liquid, which can be rather broad. By this... 

Gas-liquid reacting systems may be considered from one of two points of view, depending on the purpose of the reaction (1) as a separation process or (2) as a reaction process. 

The first application of a rhodium-ligand system was realized in the LPO-process (low pressure oxo Fig. 18). Huge stirred tank reactors are used, equipped with internal heat exchangers to control the heat of reaction. The solution of the catalyst recycle is simple but efficient. The catalyst remains in the reactor, products and unconverted propene are stripped by a huge excess of synthesis gas. Because of strong foaming, only a part of the reaction volume is used. After the gas has left the reactor, the products are removed by condensing, the big part of synthesis gas is separated from the liquid products and recycled via compressors. The liquid effluent of the gas-liquid separator... 

ZANKER, A. In Separation Techniques Vol 2 Gas Liquid Solid Systems (McGraw-Hill, 1980), p. 178. Hydrocyclones dimensions and performance. 

Fig. S. 3 Transfer systems to link gas-liquid separator to vapour elemental techniques.

The interface provides efficient transfer of samples into the Merlin, and, most importantly, a rapid flush-out there is no hold up of mercury (which is a feature of the commonly used atomic absorption techniques). To aid the transfer of mercury vapour, the tin(II) chloride regime is used, together with a gas/liquid separator designed for this task. Mercury is sparged from the reaction vessel into the Merlin Detector. Full automation is provided by using a simple standard DIO card fitted into an IBM compatible computer system with the PSA Touchstone software. This is an easy-to-use menu-driven system which controls the modules used in the instrumentation, calibrates the system, collects, collates and reprints the results, and which finks to host computer systems. 

Hydride generation (HG) systems make use of a gas-liquid separator to separate the gaseous hydrides from the liquid reagents prior to introduction... 

Furthermore, although most of the CO2 is recycled from the gas-liquid separators, a substanhal amount of dissolved CO2 remains in the co-solvent recovered, which flashes away and is lost during the final product recovery. Therefore, CO2 losses in large-scale SFC systems often lead to higher production costs than those in liquid chromatography systems equipped with appropriate solvent recovery units, as discussed in the next section. 

Koscielski, T., Sybilska, D., and Jurczak, J. (1983) Separation of a- and / -pinene into enantiomers in gas-liquid chromatography systems via a-cyclodextrin inclusion complexes. J. Chromatogr. 280, 131-134. 

As a strategy, the synthesis procedure should start with vapor recovery and gas separations, from which some components are sent to liquid separations. For the same reason, the solid-separation system should be placed in the second place. Note that the subsystems of gas and solid separations are largely uncoupled. As a result, the liquid-separation system should is handled the last. 

Arsenic, Hg, Sb, Se, and Sn were determined in untreated beer samples by direct HG-ET-AAS using a batch system [119]. Elements were preconcentrated in situ onto the Pd- (for As, Sb, Se, and Sn) or Au-pretreated (for Hg) interior wall surface of a graphite furnace. The authors considered beneficial to degas beer samples by filtration and to generate the hydrides in the presence of an antifoam agent. An extra gas-liquid separator was necessary to minimize the amount of moisture from the reaction vessel reaching the graphite tube. With the combination of HG and ET-AAS LoDs of 28, 90, 21, 10, and 50 ng l-1 were reached for As, Hg, Sb, Se, and Sn, respectively. 

Description Ethylene is compressed (6) and introduced to a bubble-column type reactor (1) in which a homogenous catalyst system is introduced together with a solvent. The gaseous products leaving the reactor overhead are cooled in a cooler (2) and cooled in a gas-liquid separator for reflux (3) and further cooled (4) and separated in a second gas-liquid separator (5). 

A simple rotary-filter system consists of a rotary filter and auxiliary equipment such as a cort ressor, a filtrate receiver, a filtrate pump, a vacuum punp, and a separator-silencer, as shown in Figure 6.10. Auxiliary equipment usually runs 25 to 40% of the filter cost [25]. When solids deposit on the drum, air and filtrate are drawn into the filtrate receiver, which is a gas-liquid separator. After... 

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