Gamma radiation composites

Poly(acrylamide-diallylethylamine-HCl) (cationic polyacrylamide pAM-HCl) was prepared by gamma radiation-initiated copolymerization of acrylamide with di-allylethylamine-HCI in aqueous solution at the optimum composition for copolymerization of acrylamide with diallylamine derivatives [61]. 

Closed-cell foams made from metallocene-based polyolefins (MPO) have potential for use in various applications because of their uniform composition and low toxicity. Compressive stress relaxation is used to investigate the behaviour of these foams. In particular, its behaviour is compared with open-cell PU foams, a material MPO foams could possibly replace. The effect of gamma radiation on MPO foam behaviour is also... 

Conductive composites are obtained when powdered metal fillers or metal-plated fillers are added to resins. These composites nave been used to produce forming tools for the aircraft industry. Powdered lead-filled polyolefin composites have been used as shields for neutron and gamma radiation, and metal-filled plastics have been used to prevent interference from stray electrons (EMI). 

Gamma radiation does not substantially affect ground-water compositional changes due to interactions with unaltered bentonite and basalt but appears to generate identifiable differences in actinide leaching from the waste form. 

As a conclusion of this smdy about the influence of electron and gamma radiation on reverse osmosis composite membranes, it can be stated that radiation does not affect membrane performance in a range of absorbed dose values up to 25 Gy, approximately. Therefore, reverse osmosis composite membranes are suitable for use in the treatment of low and medium activity levels, as the values of the radiation absorbed by the membranes will be lower than those assessed in this case study. 

Identify alpha, beta, and gamma radiation in terms of composition and key properties. 

Using Table 25-2 as a guide, qualitatively compare and contrast alpha, beta, and gamma radiation in terms of composition, energy, mass, and penetrating power. 

Alpha, beta, and gamma radiation are collectively termed ionizing radiation. Ionizing radiation produces a trail of ions throughout the material that it penetrates. The ionization process changes the chemical composition of the material. When the material is living tissue, radiation-induced illness may result (Section 10.7). 

The composition and thermal data of typical polymers and tensile properties of their respective nonsterile monofilaments are summarized in Tables 3.3 and 3.4, respectively. The monofilaments were then radiochemically sterilized using 5 and 7.5 kGy gamma radiation and a polyformaldehyde package insert as described earlier by Correa et al. ° The tensile properties of typical sterile monofilament sutures and their BSR profiles were determined after incubation in a phosphate buffer at 37°C and pH 7.4 to simulate their in vivo profile. The tensile properties and BSR data of a typical radiochemically sterilized monofilament suture are summarized in Table 3.5. 

Planes, E., Chazeau, L., Vigier, G., and T. Stuhldreier. 2010. Influence of sihca fillers on the ageing by gamma radiation of EDPM nanocomposites. Composites Science and Technology 70 1530-1536. 

Lee, K. R, Gopalan, A. L, Santhosh, R, Lee, S. H., Nho, Y. C. 2007. Gamma radiation induced distribution of gold nanoparticles into carbon nanotube-polyaniline composite. Compos. Sci. Technol. 67 811-816. 

Nuclear logging using gamma radiation, to measure the bulk density, and neutron radiation, to measure water content, are techniques used both at sea and ashore. Preiss (1968) and Richards and Chaney (1997) describe how these techniques may be used for marine sediments both on core samples and in situ. These in-situ methods are particularly apph-cable to near-surface sediments which can be extremely porous and tend to suffer the greatest amount of disturbance when sampled. It is difficult using these techniques to obtain accuracies better than 1%, due to the problems of cahbrating the instruments with specimens of different chemical and mineralogical compositions. 

A physical treatment changes the structural and stuface properties of the fiber and thereby treated fibre influences the mechanical properties of composites. Physical methods involve heat treatment, cold plasma treatment, surface fibrillation, electric discharge, and gamma radiation treatment. 

M.A. Khan, R. A. Khan, H. S. Ghoshal, M.N.A. Siddiky, and M. Saha, Study on the physico-mechanical properties of starch-treated jute yarn-reinforced polypropylene composites effect of gamma radiation. Polym. Plast. Technol. Eng. 48, 542-548 (2009). 

Haydaruzzaman, R.A. Khan, M.A. Khan, A. H. Khan, and M.A. Hossain, Effect of gamma radiation on the performance of jute fabrics-reinforced polypropylene composites. Radiat. Phys. Chem. 78, 986-993 (2009). 

C. Albano, R. Perera, P. Silva, Effects of gamma radiation in polymer blends, in composites with micro and nano fillers and in functionalized polyolefins, Revista Latinoameri-cana de Metalurgia y Materiales 30 (1) (2010) 3-27. 

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