Gait analysis

Fig. 20.11. Gait analysis device. (A) The gait analysis device is shown. The mouse is place on the treadmill in the green box. The mouse would be facing left and the loop at right in the chamber bumps the mouse s tail if they lag on the treadmill. The white box in front contains the digital camera that videos the mouse using an angled mirror. (B) The automated data analysis is trained to recognize the mouse s paws in the video and gait parameters are calculated, as well as body axis, toe spread, and other data.

Wooley, C. M., Sher, R. B., Kale, A., Frankel, W. N., Cox, G. A. and Seburn, K. L. (2005) Gait analysis detects early changes in transgenic SODl(G93A) mice. Muscle Nerve 32, 43-50. 

The rotarod and open field locomotion tests are used to evaluate the motor deficits following MPTP treatments. These tests are only effective if they are employed shortly after treatment when the mice are still intoxicated by MPTP. Mice tested later show no deficit on the rotarod (Meredith and Kang 2006). More sensitive measures, such as gait analysis, or the pole or grid tests, have been able to detect DA loss as low as 50% (Meredith and Kang 2006). However, motor deficits do not correlate well with the extent of DA neuronal loss, sdiatal DA levels, or the dose of MPTP (Rousselet et al., 2003). 

Davis, R. B., Ounpuu S., Tyburski D., and Gage, J. R. (1991), A Gait Analysis Data Collection and Reduction Technique, Human Movement Science, Vol. 10, pp. 575-587. 

Gait Analysis Laboratory University of Connecticut Children s Medical Center Hartford, Connecticut... 

Clinical Gait Analysis Information Data Collection... 

The steps involved in the gathering of data for cHnical gait analysis usuaUy include a complete physical examination, biplanar videotaping, a static cafibration of the instrumented subject, and multiple walks... 

As indicated in the modehng discussion earher, the utility of gait analysis information may be limited by sources of error such as soft tissue displacement relative to bone, estimates of joint center locations. 

Controversies related to gait analysis techniques include the use of individually placed markers versus clusters of markers and the application of hehcal or screw ases versus the use of Euler angles. Recent improvements in technology and computational techniques, for example, Leardini et al. [38], Piazza et al. [39], and Schwartz and Rozumalskia [40], have made the dynamic determination of the instantaneous joint center locations, suggested two decades ago by Cappozzo [25], more viable. 

Dunteman, R.C., Vankoski, S.J., and Dias, L.S., Internal derotation osteotomy of the tibia pre- and postoperative gait analysis in persons with high sacral myelomeningocele, J. Pediatr. Orthop., 20, 623,2000. 

Patrick, J.H., Case for gait analysis as part of the management of incomplete spinal cord injury. Spinal Cord, 41,479,2003. 

Perry, J., The use of gait analysis for surgical recommendations in traumatic brain injury, J. Head Trauma Rehabil, 14,116,1999. 

Whittle, M., Gait Analysis An Introduction, Butterworth-Heinemann, Oxford, 1991. 

Gage, J.R., Gait Analysis in Cerebral Palsy, Mac Keith Press, London, 1991. 

Gage, J.R., Ed., The Treatment of Gait Problems in Cerebral Palsy, Mac Keith Press, London, 2004. Perry, J., Gait Analysis Normal and Pathological Function, Slack, Thorofare, NJ, 1992. 

Motion Lab Systems, Inc. a collection of information and finks to a variety of Internet sites focused on Electromyography, Biomechanics, Gait Analysis, and Motion Capture. Includes both commercial and non-commercial sites, http //www.emgsrus.com/links.htm. 

Musculographics, the developers of SIMM, also produce a component as part of the SIMM suite specifically directed toward gait analysis that provides ground reaction force vectors and color-highlighted... 

D J Rennie, S F Attfield, R E Morton, et al, An evaluation of Lycra garments in the lower limb using 3-D gait analysis and functional assessment (PEDI) , Gait Posture, 200012 1-6. 

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