Future Promising Materials

Polythiophene [78] is a promising material for certain future electronic applications, due to its relatively high stability and processability in the substituted form [79-81]. Upon substitution, with e.g. alkyl side-chains [79, 80], polythiophene exhibit properties such as solvalochromism [82] and thermochromism [83]. Presently, a large variety of substituted polythiophenes with various band gaps exists (for example see Ref. [81 ]). 

Deming T.J., Methodologies for preparation of synthetic block copolypeptides Materials with future promise in dmg dehvery, Adv. Drug Deliv. Rev., 54, 1145, 2002. 

LDHs represent one of the most technologically promising materials as a consequence of their low cost, relative ease of preparation, and the large number of composition/preparation variables that may be adopted. At present, even though a great deal of work of academic and commercial interest on LDH materials has been carried out, still more remains to be done in order to exploit completely their potential apphcations. In the future, we beheve work on appUcations of these layered compounds will continue to expand rapidly. 

The motivation for studies to measure the electrical properties of individual DNA molecules is generated by the necessity to map these properties and the electrical behaviour of DNA molecules for the design of future molecular electronic devices, for which DNA would be a promising material. 

New techniques for data analysis and improvements in instrumentation have now made it possible to carry out stmctural and conformational studies of biopolymers including proteins, polysaccharides, and nucleic acids. NMR, which may be done on noncrystalline materials in solution, provides a technique complementary to X-ray diffraction, which requires crystals for analysis. One-dimensional NMR, as described to this point, can offer structural data for smaller molecules. But proteins and other biopolymers with large numbers of protons will yield a very crowded spectrum with many overlapping lines. In multidimensional NMR (2-D, 3-D, 4-D), peaks are spread out through two or more axes to improve resolution. The techniques of correlation spectroscopy (COSY), nuclear Overhausser effect spectroscopy (NOESY), and transverse relaxation-optimized spectroscopy (TROSY) depend on the observation that nonequivalent protons interact with each other. By using multiple-pulse techniques, it is possible to perturb one nucleus and observe the effect on the spin states of other nuclei. The availability of powerful computers and Fourier transform (FT) calculations makes it possible to elucidate structures of proteins up to 40,000 daltons in molecular mass and there is future promise for studies on proteins over 100,000... 

Silicon dominates microelectronics and there is no any other semiconductor to replace it in the foreseeable future. The only exception may be special applications, such as high temperature electronic devices operating above 200 °C, where silicon carbide represents a promising material which can be processed with a silicon-compatible technology. 

With the increase of the degree of integration of microcircuits, the multilevel interconnect technology becomes inevitable for future VLSI manufacture. Polyimide exhibits superior planarity over stepped structures and is expected to be one of the most promising materials for the dielectric insulation of VLSI s. However, since the smallest via holes so far achieved by wet etching is 3 pm (1), the formation of fine via holes by a dry etch process is needed for the application of polyimide to VLSI having fine metal wiring. 

The excellent properties of the diamond like materials combined with the low deposition temperature and high deposition rate, make these coatings very promising materials for the future. They have many potential applications as protective coatings for industrial products. Of course the properties of diamond like films never match those of diamond. The films are intrinsically smooth and amorphous, and can be used in coating applications where a plane, mechanically hard and wear/corrosion resistant surface is desirable. 

Finally, the polymers produced from the ROP reactions, which are very rare examples of high molecular weight, well-defined polymers with skeletal transition metal atoms held in close proximity to one another, are of considerable interest with respect to their properties and possible applications (93). The most promising materials derived from [1]- or [2]metallo-cenophanes appear to be the poly(ferrocenylsilanes) which are easy to prepare from the readily available starting materials, ferrocene and di-chloroorganosilanes, of which many are provided by the silicone industry. Although the main features of these polymers appear to have been elucidated, much detailed work remains to be done to fully understand the characteristics of these unusual materials. It is expected that many interesting developments will result in the near future from studies of the... 

In the case of order promising, the demands on this timing change. Here, when completion date and an immediate response is expected. This is a synchronous process. Moreover, as new orders are entered, they need to be promised based on the latest information, including those orders that have just been accepted. Thus, the planning system, upon order acceptance, must immediately reserve materials and capacity so that aJl future promises can reflect the impact of even the most recently accepted orders. 

Nanoscale materials present many interesting opportunities and promises as semiconductor device scaling reaches fundamental limits in the near future. Such materials have novel properties that are of interest in a variety of applications— applications not limited to semiconductors. Over the last decade several methods have been developed for the self-assembly of quantum dots and nanocrystals, with varying degrees of control over size and properties. Chemical self-assembly is particularly promising for inexpensive, bulk manufacturing of such materials. 

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