Future directions continuous monitoring

Some currently available gas monitoring instruments can be set to data log readings at very close time intervals (e.g. gas data instruments) thus allowing some of the uncertainty in the data to be addressed. The present authors have used normal instruments in this manner, but they require special arrangements to prevent theft or vandalism if they are to be left for a lengthy period of time and the rechargeable batteries only have a limited lifespan. The Gasclam has overcome 

A number of benefits arise from the ability to continuously monitor ground gas concentrations in boreholes. It directly addresses the poor temporal resolution of the observations. 

The Christmas borehole is located on the perimeter of a landfill. Monthly monitoring results indicated that gas migration problems only occurred at Christmas time. A period of continuous data collection has overcome the problem, which arose from the mismatch between the sampling frequency 

In addition to reducing the uncertainty in gas concentration measurement in a particular borehole, continuous monitoring should allow correlations of gas concentration and other environmental parameters, such as variations in atmospheric pressure, to be more meaningful. 

Continuous monitoring using a device that controls the venting of the borehole can allow the gas production rates in the sampling borehole to be characterised. This can be done by monitoring the return to a starting gas concentration after the concentration has been decreased by pumping. 

---

In the following sections, the nature of chloroacetanilide residues in plants, animal products, water, and soil and the rationale for the analytical methodology that is presented are briefly summarized. Procedures for representative methods are included in detail. The methods presented in this article are among the best available at this time, but analytical technology continues to improve. Future directions for acetanilide residue methodology for environmental monitoring are discussed at the end of the article. 

In the future, capillary electrophoresis with electrochemical detection will continue to be important for the analysis of small volume samples. The direct coupling of microdialysis with CEEC yields a separation-based sensor that is capable of near real-time monitoring of drugs and neurotransmitters. New on-line systems for the detection of catecholamines and peptides are currently under development. Electrochemical detection is very amenable to miniaturization and, therefore, is uniquely compatible with the microchip format. In the future, the integration of microchip CEEC with microdialysis sampling will lead to truly portable separation-based sensors. 

Chapter 19 is our measurement chapter, but as each chapter is designed to stand alone inventory measurements are discussed here. Performance measures are needed to drive continuous improvement, if we do not know how well we are performing, if we do not have measurements, how can we know if we have improved, in terms of client satisfaction, stock outs and stock turns. Measurement is also necessary to set directions and targets for the future. The criteria for performance measures should cover a balanced approach to aU key parameters of the supply chain and should provide operational measures rather than purely financial measures. Measures should be simple, easy to define and easy to monitor. In determining what should be measured it is useful to get away from standard accounting measures. Supply chain management requirements are different from those of the accountants. In determining our own measurements we should ask ... 

Management needs to directly observe the safe system continuously to monitor its adequacy and application. At the completion of the job, managers should review and update the JSA for future reference. ... 

---