Furukawa process

There has been interest, particularly in Japan, in the production of cross-linked low-density polyethylene foam. Some processes, such as the Furukawa process and the Hitachi process, use chemical cross-linking techniques whilst others, such as the Sekisui process, involve radiation cross-linking. 

The products of the process have a density of about 0.96 g/cm, similar to the Phillips polymers. Another similarity between the processes is the marked effect of temperature on average molecular weight. The process is worked by the Furukawa Company of Japan and the product marketed as Staflen. 

More recently, simulation studies focused on surface melting [198] and on the molecular-scale growth kinetics and its anisotropy at ice-water interfaces [199-204]. Essmann and Geiger [202] compared the simulated structure of vapor-deposited amorphous ice with neutron scattering data and found that the simulated structure is between the structures of high and low density amorphous ice. Nada and Furukawa [204] observed different growth mechanisms for different surfaces, namely layer-by-layer growth kinetics for the basal face and what the authors call a collected-molecule process for the prismatic system. 

The possibility of a radical mechanism is supported by the observation of the accelerating effect of molecular oxygen on the cyclopropanation. Miyano et al. discovered that the addition of dioxygen accelerated the formation of the zinc carbenoid in the Furukawa procedure [24a, b]. The rate of this process was monitored by changes in the concentration of ethyl iodide, the by-product of reagent formation. Comparison of the reaction rate in the presence of oxygen with that in the... 

Furukawa, Y., Yokogawa, A., Yokomizo, T., Komatsu, Y., Bull.]. P I. 15, 56 (1973) (cited as reference 7 by Muroi, T., in his review of selected industrial catalytic processes in Chemical Catalyst News, Engelhard Corp., March 1991). 

Standard Oil A process for polymerizing ethylene and other linear olefins and di-olefins to make linear polymers. This is a liquid-phase process, operated in a hydrocarbon solvent at an intermediate pressure, using a heterogeneous catalyst such as nickel oxide on carbon, or vanadia or molybdena on alumina. Licensed to Furukawa Chemical Industry Company at Kawasaki, Japan. 

Crusius, S. and Inden, G. (1988) in Proc. Int. Symp. Dynamics of Ordering Processes in Condensed Matter, Kyoto 1987, eds Komura, S. and Furukawa, H. (Plenum Press, New York), p. 139. 

Furukawa et al. (1) prepared a functional resin composition containing di-substituted adamantane, (I), which was used as a resist in semiconductor production processes. Monosubstituted analogs, (II), were prepared by Kodama et al. (2). Cyano-containing adamantyl derivatives, ( 1) and (IV), were prepared by Ito et al. (3) and Bae et al. (4), respectively, and used in preparing semiconductor devices. 

Onuki A (1987) In Komura S, Furukawa H (eds) Dynamic of ordering processes in condensed matter. Plenum, New York, p 71... 

Furukawa, S.F. and Bartoo, R.K., Improved Benfield Process for Ammonia Plants, UOP Technical Papers, www.uop.com/gasprocessing/techpapers/Improve Benfield.pdf, UOP LLC, Des Plaines, Illinois, January, 1997. 

Inone, Tsuruta and J. Furukawa (29) have investigated the unusual catalyst system prepared from calcium and diethyl zinc. They claimed that a reaction occurred according to the following equation Ca + 2 ZnEtg -> CaZnEt4 + Zn. Such a catalyst system is heterogeneous in benzene or in bulk, and produces a polystyrene containing 13% of a crystallizable fraction. The catalyst also polymerizes methyl methacrylate, and the anionic nature of these processes is indicated by the reactivity ratios for styrene (Mj) and methyl methacrylate (Mg) copolymerization, rx = 0.31, r2 = 17.1. 

Miyamoto M, Hirano S, Chibahara H, Watadani T, Akazawa M, Furukawa S. Enhancement of post-Cu-chemical mechanical polishing cleaning process for low-fe substrate. Japan J Appl Phys 2006 45(10A)7637-7644. 

Furukawa, S., et al. (1998). New operational support system for high nitrogen removal in oxidation ditch process. Water Science Technol., Proc. 7th Int. Workshop on Instrumentation, Control and Automation of Water and Wastewater Treatment and Transport Syst., July 6-9, 1997, Brighton, England, 37,12, 63-68. Elsevier Science Ltd., Exeter, England. 

Furukawa Y. (1993) Magmatic processes under arcs and formation of the volcanic front. J. Geophy. Res. 98, 8309-8319. 

Ohta, T. Zhang, H. Torihara, Y Furukawa, I., Improved Synthetic Route to Dexamethasone Acetate fromTigogenin Org. Process Res. Dev. 1997, 1,420. 

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