Benfield process

Benfield process Removal of carbon dioxide from fuel gases, such as those obtained by gasifying coal in the Lurgi process, by countercurrent scrubbing of the gases by hot potassium carbonate solution. 

Catacarb process An extraction process used to remove carbon dioxide from process gases by scrubbing the hot gases with potassium carbonate solution containing additives which increase the hydration rate of the gas in the solution. The Vetrocoke process is similar. See Benfield process. 

Three commercial processes that use these various hot carbonate flow arrangements are the promoted Benfield process, the Catacarb process, and the Giammarco-Vetrocoke process (26—29). Each uses an additive described as a promoter, activator, or catalyst, which increases the rates of absorption and desorption, improves removal efficiency, and reduces the energy requirement. The processes also use corrosion inhibitors, which aHow use of carbon—steel equipment. The Benfield and Catacarb processes do not specify additives. Vetrocoke uses boric acid, glycine, or arsenic trioxide, which is the most effective. 

Benfield process aqueous potassium carbonate blocking of pores of methanation catalyst by evaporation of potassium carbonate solution... 

Benfield Process UOP Hot potassium carbonate + proprietary promoter... 

HiPure A variation on the Benfield process, using two stages of scrubbing by hot potassium carbonate solution in order to reduce the carbon dioxide contents of gases to very low levels. See also Carsol, CATACARB, Giammarco-Vetrocoke. 

Benefit cost analysis (BCA), 24 177 Benfield process, 4 812 Benfotiamine, 2 812... 

In Table 5.33 the Benfield process options with different packings and activators are compared. This table assumes this equipment will be used in a 1,500 tonne per day ammonia plant. The costs assume the plant was built in... 

The installed costs (in January, 1997 dollars) for a Benfield Hybrid LoHeat Process in a 1,500 tonne per day ammonia plant are shown in Table 5.34. Table 5.35 lists the energy use in different Benfield processes that could be installed in a 1,500 tonne per day ammonia plant206. 

Acid Gas Purification Techniques for CO2 (carbon dioxide ) Benfield Process, Air Pollution Control Technology in Japan, Exhaust Gas Treatment Equipment, Kobe Steel, LTD., Tokyo, Japan, 2002 (nett21. unep.or.jp/CTT DATA/AIR/AIR 7/html/Air-208.html). 

Furukawa, S.F. and Bartoo, R.K., Improved Benfield Process for Ammonia Plants, UOP Technical Papers, www.uop.com/gasprocessing/techpapers/Improve Benfield.pdf, UOP LLC, Des Plaines, Illinois, January, 1997. 

CO is converted to C02 in the HT and LT shift over standard catalysts. C02 is removed in a scrubbing unit, which is normally either the BASF-aMDEA or the UOP-Benfield process. Remaining carbonoxides are reconverted to methane in the catalytic methanation to trace ppm levels. 

For carbon dioxide absorption, the heat of absorption could provide the heat required to desorb the carbon dioxide. The system would be adiabatic. However, the only effective solvent is the alkaline carbonate to bicarbonate reaction - The Benfield Process. ... 

The Benfield Process for Acid Gas Removal , R. K. Bartoo in Acid and Sour Gas Treating Processes , S. A. Newman (ed.), Gulf Publishing, Houston, Texas, 1985... 

Grover, B. S., and E. S. Holmes, "The Benfield Process for High Efficiency and Reliability in Ammonia Plant Acid Gas Removal—Four Case Studies, in Nitrogen 1986, The British Sulphur Corp. Ltd., Amsterdam, April 20-23, 1986. p. 101,... 

The Benfield Process uses wash liquors containing 25-30 % potassium carbonate and a vanadate additive. As in the case of most hot potash processes, several variants were developed to serve different applications. Split flow systems are used in the absorber and regenerator to remove CO2 down to a level of 0.05 vol. % however, in order to remove CO2 from methanol syngas, the simplest process version consisting of an undivided absorber regenerator loop will do. 

In older units, CO2 is removed with an absorber containing an amine, Sulfinol , Rectisol or by the Benfield process, which uses hot potassium carbonate. Recovered CO2 can be sold as a product. 

For example, Benfield process (UOP) and aMDEA process (BASF). 

In commercial units today, it is preferred to use the alkali metal metavanadates, particularly potassium metavanadate (KVO3). If de.sired, vanadium pentoxide (V2O5) can be added directly to the potassium carbonate solution, forming potassium metavanadate by reaction with potassium carbonate. For the corrosion inhibitor to be effective, the plant must be designed so that exposed carbon steel surfaces are wetted by the inhibited solution. In order to maintain the metavanadate in its fully oxidized (pentavalent) state, the licensors of the Benfield process recommend that potassium nitrite be injected into the solution on a carefully controlled basis (Sorell, 1990). 

Stainless steels (Types 304 and 316) are recommended for the portions of the plant subject to particularly corrosive conditions. According to Sorell (1990), the licensors of the Benfield process specifically recommend that the following items be made of 300 series stainless steel ... 

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