Fungicides, detection

In the past, juglone had been used to dye wool and cotton a yellowish brown. Although it no longer has any commercial value as a dye, it is a fungicide and as such finds use in the treatment of skin diseases. Its toxic properties have been made use of in catching fish. Juglone has been used to detect very small amounts of nickel salts since it gives a deep violet color with such salts. 

Method 1613 of US Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA) was used for the PCDD detection in the objects of environment (water, soil etc.). PCDD detection was done with the help of Polaris Q gas chromatograph/ mass spectrometer on mass-spectrum of electronic impact in the MS-MS mode. Division of isomer PCDD was carried out on a capillary column from the sintered quartz DB-5 MS (60 m x 0,25 mm, thickness of tape 0,25 p.m). The same device was used for detection of fungicides formulations active ingredients in soil. 

These methods are employed for the detection and determination of antibiotics and substances with similar effects, like alkaloids, insecticides, fungicides, mycotoxins, vitamins, bitter principles and saponins [14]. 

The analysis of azole compounds is becoming increasingly important. For the regulation of their residues, the multi-method Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) S19 is used throughout Europe. Within the last few years, this method has been validated for many new azole fungicides in various crop matrices. The multi-residue method and the most important procedural details for the detection and determination of azole compounds are described below. Some important properties are shown in Table 1. 

Pesticides affect the content of microelements and other substances in plants, thus changing their nutritive value, as well as their ability to be stored. This was detected for OCPs in grain and legume harvests. For example, wheat crops treated with some fungicides (zineb, bayleton, and propicanazol) to fight stem rust (Puccirda) produce a lower quality of bread [3]. 

T. Noguer, A. Gradinaru, A. Cincu, and J.L. Marty, A new disposable biosensor for the accurate and sensitive detection of ethylenebis(dithiocarbamate) fungicides. Anal. Lett. 32, 1723—1738 (1999). 

T. Noguer, B. Leca, G. Jeanty, and J.L. Marty, Biosensors based on enzyme inhibition detection of organophosphorus and carbamate insecticides and dithiocarbamate fungicides. Field Anal. Chem. Tech. 3, 171-178 (1999). 

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