Fungi, antimicrobial activity

Other Nitrogen Compounds. The basis of the sophisticated nitrogen compounds Hsted in Table 10 is the reaction of formaldehyde with amino compounds. A significant amount of Hterature details investigation of the mechanism of action, particularly whether or not the antimicrobial activity depends on decomposition to formaldehyde (40—42). These compounds tend to have substantial water solubiUty and are more effective against bacteria than fungi and yeasts. Key markets for these compounds are metalworking fluids, cosmetics, and in-can preservation of paints (see Alkanolamines Amines, fatty amines). 

A number of important papers could not be cited in this chapter, due to the length limitations and the specific target of the chapter. For example, the antimicrobial activity of chitosans [349], the chitinolytic enzymes, the preparation of cosmetics, and the occurrence of chitin in fungi [350] are some of the subjects not dealt with specifically here, notwithstanding their importance. 

A tree, Scorodocarpus borneensis, native to Borneo and the Malay peninsula, has a garlic-like smell and is known as wood garlic . The fruit is used locally for seasoning. The major volatile flavor compounds from wood garlic are similar to those of garlic itself. Some of these materials are polysulfur compounds and have antimicrobial activity against some bacteria and fungi. These materials contain four sulfur atoms.75 They are either 2,4,6-trithiaheptane-5-thione-2,2-dioxide (CH3-SO2-CH2-S-CS-S-CH3) or derivatives of tetrathia-octane (CH3-S-CH2-S-S-CH2-S-CH 3, CH3-SO2-CH2-S-S-CH2-S-CH3, CH3-S-CH2-SO2-S-CH2-S-CH3). 

Abstract Recent chemical studies on the marine soft corals and terrestrial plants have lesnlted in the isolation of several novel componnds. The soft corals, Pseudopterogorgia elisabethae and Cladiella species yielded several novel terpenoids, exhibiting antimicrobial activities. New steroids were isolated from terrestrial fungi, Mucor plumbeus and Coprims micaceus. Phytochemical studies on the Buxus hyrcana, collected from Iran, have yielded steroidal bases. This revdew describes the new natiual products exhibiting different bioactivities from the aforementioned sources. 

Anke H. etal., Secondary metabolites with nematicidal and antimicrobial activity from nematophagous fungi and Ascomycetes, Can J Bot 73 S932—S939, 1995. 

Phongpaichit S et al., Antimicrobial activity in cultures of endophytic fungi isolated from Garcinia species, FEMS Immunol Med Microbiol, 2006. 

Sette LD et al. Molecular characterization and antimicrobial activity of endophytic fungi from coffee plants. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 22 1185-1195, 2006. 

To demonstrate that the mixture does not manifest antimicrobial activity, carry out the test as described previously up to the incubation step and add an inoculum of viable cells of the specified aerobic bacteria, anaerobic bacteria, and fungi. 

Many studies have been conducted on the antimicrobial activity of chitosan since Allan and Hadwiger (1979) first reported that chitosan and its derivatives had broad-spectrum antimicrobial effects. The group of researches proved that chitosans are capable of inhibiting the growth of some microorganisms including bacteria, yeasts, and fungi. 

Bromopyrrole-2-carbamide (116) was isolated from the Papua New Guinean sponge Agelas nakamurai. It exhibits antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus (IC50 0.78 pg/ml) and other bacteria and fungi [92]. 

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