Fungal culture broth

Over 10,000 samples of microbial culture broths were subjected to the screening program in the morphological assay. We discovered beauveriolides and pheno-chalasins from fungal culture broths as novel inhibitors of lipid droplet formation in macrophages (Fig. 9). 

The fungal production of fumaric acid using rice bran and subsequent bacterial conversion of succinic acid using fungal culture broth were investigated. Since the rice bran contains abundant proteins, amino acids, vitamins, and minerals, it is suitable material that fungi use as a nitrogen source. The effective concentration of rice bran to produce fumaric acid was 5 g/L. 

A large amount of rice bran caused excessive fungal growth rather than enhance fumaric acid production. In addition, we could produce fumaric acid without the addition of zinc and iron. Fungal culture broth containing approx 25 g/L of fumaric acid was directly employed for succinic acid conversion. The amount of glycerol and yeast extract required for succinic acid conversion was reduced to 70 and 30%, respectively, compared with the amounts cited in previous studies. 

Index Entry Fumaric acid succinic acid two-step process fungal culture broth rice bran. 

In the present study, we evaluated a two-step process for succinic acid production. The first process was fumaric acid production by Rhizopus sp. using rice bran, and the second process was succinic acid production by Enterococcus faecalis RKY1 (5-7) using fungal culture broth obtained in the first process. We investigated the effects of rice bran on fumaric acid production and optimized the culture medium for fumaric acid fermentation. Furthermore, we optimized the culture conditions for succinic acid conversion from fumaric acid produced by the first process. 

Batch fermentations were carried out using rice bran and glucose as nitrogen and carbon sources, respectively. Figure 4 shows the profile of fumaric acid production in a 2.5-L jar fermentor. The fumaric acid concentration reached 25.3 g/L. The yield (fumaric acid produced/glucose consumed) and the productivity were 52% and 0.21 g/(L-h), respectively. For the following experiment, the fungal culture broth was used as a medium for the bioconversion of fumaric acid into succinic acid. 

Finally, we investigated the inhibition of concentrated fungal culture broth on succinic acid production and fumaric acid consumption. As shown in Fig. 8, we found that concentrated fungal culture broth slightly inhibited the bacterial conversion. Succinic acid could be efficiently produced from fungal culture broth until it was concentrated to three-fold (64 g/L of fumaric acid). However, the conversion time needed was severely prolonged when it was concentrated to more than four-fold (84 g/L of fumaric acid). Since E.faecalis RKY1 could efficiently convert fumaric acid... 

The fungal metabolites TAN-1496 A, C, and E (isolated from the culture broth of Microsphaeropsis sp. FL-16144) have been shown to have specific inhibitory activity against DNA topoisomerase 1. DNA topoisomerase 1 is an enzyme responsible for DNA metabolism and have been proposed as an intracellular target for cancer chemotherapy. ... 

About 15,000 samples, mostly microbial culture broths, were subjected to our screening program for DGAT inhibitors. Finally, we obtained amidepsines and roselipins from fungal strains, and xanthohumols from a plant extract as novel DGAT inhibitors (Fig. 2). 

Over 20,000 samples of microbial culture broths were subjected to our screening program for CETP inhibitors by method A. At first no BSA was added to the assay mixture, but many false-positive compounds such as fatty acids were isolated. To prevent this, the optimal concentration of BSA was tested and set up as 200 pM, resulting in a low hit rate in the primary screen. The serum albumin concentration in the assay is similar to that in human plasma. Finally, we discovered erabulenols from a fungal strain, and ferroverdins from an actinomycete strain, as novel CETP inhibitors (Fig. 5). 

Three new oxepin-containing natural products oxepinamides A-C 166-168 and two new fumiquinazoline metabolites fumiquinazolines H-I 169-170 were isolated from organic extracts of the culture broth and mycelia of Acremonium sp., a fungus obtained from the surface of the Caribbean tunicate Ecteinascidia turbinata Compound 166 exhibited good anti-inflammatory activity in a topical RTX-induced mouse ear edema assay. Compounds 169 and 170 both exhibited weak anti-fungal activity towards Candida albicans in a broth microdilution assay. Total... 

Two new 10-membered macrolides, modiolides A 205 and B 206, and a new linear pentaketide, modiolin 207, were isolated from the culture broth of fungus Paraphaeosphaeria sp. (N-119), which was separated from a marine horse mussel. Both compounds 205 and 206 showed antibacterial activity against Micrococcus luteus (MIC value 16.7 pg mL ) and anti-fungal activity against Neurospora crassa (MIC value 33.3 pg mL ). 

Chlorogentisylquinone 287, which was obtained from the culture broth of a marine fungal strain FOM-8108, inhibited neural sphingomyelinase activity of rat brain membranes (with IC50 value of 1.2 The strain FOM-8108 was considered to be a member of genus Phoma family. ... 

Argifin. Omura and co-workers reported the application of long-range correlation data in the determination of the structure of the cyclic peptide argifin (105) isolated from a culture broth of the fungal strain Gliocladium sp. FTD-0668. The authors unfortunately did not report any details of the optimization of the proton-nitrogen experiments performed. 

The fungal strain Acremonium sp. MST-MF558a was isolated from a Tasmanian estuarine sediment sample, and based on its rDNA sequence was considered to represent a new species. From the culture broth, a novel family of lipodepsipeptides, acremolides A-D (180-183), was obtained, together with known chaetoglobo-sins. The absolute stereochemistry of amino acid residues in 180-183 was determined using a new C3 Marfey s method for amino acid analysis. Compounds 180-183 were neither cytotoxic in their own right nor... 

Chlorflavonin (166) was discovered in the culture broth of Aspergillus candidus [199-201]. A biosynthetic study of this fungal metabolite indicates that it is a true metabolite and is synthesized de novo by this microbe [202]. It was also detected in Aspergillus candidus and A. campestris [203]. The fungus Monilinia fructicola produces chloromonilinic acids A (167) and B (168) derived from chloromonilicin [204], to be discussed later. 

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