Anti-fungal activity

Moustafa and Ahmed reported the synthesis of isoxazoles [92,93]. These compounds are related to pyrazoles except that an oxygen replaces the amine nitrogen. Scheme 49 shows the synthesis of 182 from the corresponding chal-cone 183 by reaction with hydroxylamine. Although these compounds were not tested for cytotoxicity as tubulin binders, they were found to possess antibacterial and anti-fungal activity. 

In 2003, Sunthitikawinsakul et al. described the anti-mycobacterial activity of various 3-methylcarbazole derivatives, including 3-formylcarbazole (3), methyl carbazole-3-carboxylate (4) (see Scheme 2.2), clausine K (clauszoline-J) (51) (see Scheme 2.11), and 7-methoxymukonal (68) (see Scheme 2.14) against Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Ra. Except for clausine K (clauszoline-J) (51), all of these alkaloids also showed anti-fungal activity against Candida albicans (442). In 2005, Eranzblau et al. reported the in vitro anti-TB activity of various carbazole derivatives such as 3-formylcarbazole (3), methyl carbazole-3-carboxylate (4) (see Scheme 2.2), lansine... 

Various other biologically active diterpenes have been isolated from plants and are used by man for the treatment of a variety of diseases. The bark of Pinus strobus (Pinaceae), rich in diterpenes, among them manoyl oxide, is used in anticough syrups, whilst traditionally it has been used for the treatment of coughs, colds, congestion, injury, rheumatism and swelling by Indian Americans [26], The antiinflammatory and antimicrobial activity of various diterpenes has been reported [27], as well as anti-fungal activity [28] and remarkable cytotoxic activity for some of them [27,29],... 

Levy, M., Zehavi, U., Naim, M., Polacheck, I. Isolation, structure determination, synthesis, and anti-fungal activity of a new native alfalfa-root saponin. Carbohydr Res 1989 193 115-123. 

The squalestatins proved to be potent inhibitors of both mammalian and fungal squalene synthase. Further testing showed a broad spectrum of anti-fungal activity and... 

Three new oxepin-containing natural products oxepinamides A-C 166-168 and two new fumiquinazoline metabolites fumiquinazolines H-I 169-170 were isolated from organic extracts of the culture broth and mycelia of Acremonium sp., a fungus obtained from the surface of the Caribbean tunicate Ecteinascidia turbinata Compound 166 exhibited good anti-inflammatory activity in a topical RTX-induced mouse ear edema assay. Compounds 169 and 170 both exhibited weak anti-fungal activity towards Candida albicans in a broth microdilution assay. Total... 

Cultures of the marine fungus Hypoxylon oceanicum (LL-15G256) were found to have potent anti-fungal activity in assays designed to detect... 

Two new 10-membered macrolides, modiolides A 205 and B 206, and a new linear pentaketide, modiolin 207, were isolated from the culture broth of fungus Paraphaeosphaeria sp. (N-119), which was separated from a marine horse mussel. Both compounds 205 and 206 showed antibacterial activity against Micrococcus luteus (MIC value 16.7 pg mL ) and anti-fungal activity against Neurospora crassa (MIC value 33.3 pg mL ). 

Anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-microbial and anti-fungal activity has been documented from several plant parts. Tamarind is also extensively used in traditional medicine in many cultures and for a wide array of apphcations. 

The anti-fungal activities of organotin complexes of 2-benzoylpyridine-7V(4)-phenylthiosemicarba-zone (H2Bz4Ph)], [(n-Bu)Sn(L)Cl2] and [(n-Bu)2Sn(L)Cl] were tested against Candida albicans. The free thiosemicarbazone proved to be more active than its tin(IV) complexes. 

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