Funds growth rate

Despite economic difficulties common to many Asian states in late 1997 and early 1998, the country optimistically maintains a political stability for future growth. According to the International Monetary Fund (IMF) figures in 1998, the inflation rate was 10.5 percent with 4.3 percent projected for 1999. The growth rate, previously over 8 percent, was less than 1 percent in 1998, but was anticipated to recuperate to approximately 4 to 6 percent in July 1999. The Gross National Product (GNP) is over US 10,000 per capita with about 7.5 percent of the GNP currently spent on healthcare. The exchange rate of the national currency (the Won) has fallen to about 1204 Won to the US (Status July 1999, Bank of Korea). 

Clearly, the period of rapid growth has passed, and indeed, it would have been unrealistic to have expected it to continue, even if we had not come into a period of severe fiscal restraints. It is also unlikely that we will ever return to growth rates for medical research as a whole comparable with those that prevailed between 1955 and 1965. Over the last three or four years, as funds have remained relatively stable while research costs have increased continually, there has been a considerable... 

Investors hold stock in companies because they are interested in a return on their investment. The return could come from dividends paid to the stockholder or from appreciation in the market value of the stock. Dividend yield is the ratio of the dividend paid per common share to the market price per common share. This gives investors some idea of the rate of return they will receive in cash dividends from their investment. Low dividend yield companies generally keep a large portion of net income funding growth and expansion. Many well-known high tech companies do not pay dividends for this very reason to fund growth and e q)ansion. 

Cutler and Kadiyala s (2003) estimates of life expectancy benefits associated with improved cardiovascular treatment suggest a high value of pharmaceutical products relative to costs. An analysis at the national level would provide confirmation that the value of pharmaceuticals is not limited to cardiovascular disease. Here we performed such an analysis for Canada, where the public funding of health care has led to extensive debate over its value and, more specifically, over the value of pharmaceutical products whose rate of growth within the health care budget continues to increase. 

Citing examples of disparaging comments on the value of computation made by influential scientists, Matsen worried about the effect such attitudes could have on the funding of research involving computation. This fear was echoed by Shull, who pointed to what he felt was the slow rate of growth in the budget for the computer program of the NSF. He felt that if scientists influential in top-level decisions were insensitive to computational needs, there could be a seriously detrimental effect on all fields dependent on modern computation. ... 

Since 1998 the growth in the market has slowed. This was to be expected given that the programme was maturing and the SNDO did not feel it necessary to pump the market with supply just for the sake of liquidity. The inflation rate fell sharply and this lowered the cost of funding the inflation-linked debt. However, it did not prevent the difference between nominal and real rates falling sharply, thus reducing the cost effectiveness of inflation-linked versus nominal debt from the Debt... 

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