Nanocomposites functional polymer

Mittal, V. (2014). Functional polymer nanocomposites with graphene A review, Macromol. Mater. Eng., 299, pp. 906-931. 

Keywords Nanodiamonds, carbon nanotubes, graphene, functionalization, polymer nanocomposites, mechanical properties, tribological properties... 

In addition to their low density and high aspect ratio, the exceptional mechanical and physical properties of carbon nanotubes make them an ideal and excellent candidate for fabricating high performance and multi-functional polymer nanocomposites. Over the past years, much progress has been made in the field of CNT reinforced polymer composite materials. In this review, we mainly provide an overview about the mechanical properties of polymer/carbon nanotube composites and the insights to the main factors that ultimately influence their final properties. 

Functional polymer nanocomposites consist of polymer matrices, including thermoplastics, thermosets and elastomers having nanoparticles or nanofillers dispersed in the polymer matrix. Two or more materials are combined to produce composites that possess properties that are unique and cannot be obtained from the individual materials acting alone. This new class of composite materials has shown enhanced optical, magnetic, mechanical, electrical and dielectric properties. They are important commercial materials with new combinations of structural and functional properties for applications in medicine, civil engineering, rubber and plastics, automotive and electrotechnical industries [39]. 

This is another important and widely used polymer. Nanocomposites have been prepared based on this rubber mostly for flame-retardancy behavior. Blends with acrylic functional polymer and maleic anhydride-grafted ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) have also been used both with nanoclays and carbon nanotubes to prepare nanocomposites [65-69]. 

Scheme 1. The concept of polyfunctionality of a nanocomposite obtained from a nanostructured metal (0) and a cross-linked functional polymer.

The case of M /0 (M = Pd, Au) nanocomposites is illustrated. is a gel-type cross-linked functional polymer coded as MTEMA-DMAA 4-8 [14] (Figure 8). 

Bromley, KM., Patil, A.J., Seddon, A. M., Booth, P. and Mann, S. (2007) Bio-functional mesolamellar nanocomposite based on inorganic/ polymer intercalation in purple membrane (Bacteriorhodopsin) films. Advanced Materials, 19, 2433—2438. 

CNTs can enhance the thermal properties of CNT-polymer nanocomposites. The reinforcing function is closely associated with the amount and alignment of CNTs in the composites. Well-dispersed and long-term stable carbon nanotubes/ polymer composites own higher modulus and better thermal property as well as better electronic conductivity (Valter et al., 2002 Biercuk et al., 2002). Both SWNT and MWNT can improve the thermal stability and thermal conductivity of polymer, the polymer-CNT composites can be used for fabricating resistant-heat materials. 

T. Ramanathan, A.A. Abdala, S. Stankovich, D.A. Dikin, M. Herrera-Alonso, R.D. Piner, et al., Functionalized graphene sheets for polymer nanocomposites, Nature Nanotechnology, 3 (2008) 327-331. 

Velasco-Santos et al. (28) also reported the in-situ polymerization of methyl methacrylate with both the treated and untreated nanotubes to generate polymer nanocomposites. The amount of initiator AIBN, reaction time and temperature were controlled to tune the molecular weight of polymer in the composites. The treated nanotubes had COOH and COO- functionalities on the sidewalls... 

Figure 9.12. (a) Dynamic storage modulus (GO and (b) complex viscosity (r) ) for pure PLA and PLA- carboxylic-acid-functionalized MWCNTs nanocomposites obtained in dynamic frequency sweep. Reprinted with permission from D. Wu et al., Polymer Degradation and Stability, Vol. 93, p. 1577,2008, 2008, Elsevier Science Ltd. 

Recent developments in the cross-polymerization of the organic components used in bicontinuous microemulsions ensure the successful formation of transparent nanostruc-tured materials. Current research into using polymerizable bicontinuous microemulsions as a one-pot process for producing functional membranes and inorganic/polymer nanocomposites is highlighted with examples. 

Keywords Microemulsion polymerization Microemulsion reaction Water-in-Oil (W/O) microemulsion Oil-in-Water (0/W) microemulsion Bicontinuous microemulsion Functional membranes and inorganic/polymer nanocomposites... 

Polymer nanocomposites and polymer blends are an extremely important class of materials due to the expected synergistic enhancement of properties and potential multi-functionality. However, the immiscibility of most of the polymers results in poor interfacial interaction between the individual components which severely affects the hnal properties. A deeper insight into the spatial heterogeneity and morphology of the individual components at a microscopic level and their inhuence on the macroscopic properties is important for their rational design (such as choice and volume fraction of individual components, surface chemistry, and processing... 

Holmberg, B.A. Wang, H. Norbeck, J.M. Yan, Y. Nafion/acid functionalized zeolite nanocomposite fuel cell membranes. Polym. Prepr. (Am. 

Yang YK, Xie XL, Mai YW (2011) Functionalization of carbon nanotubes for polymer nanocomposites. In McNally T, Potschke P (eds) Polymer caibon nanotube composites synthesis, properties and applications. Woodhead, Cambridge... 

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