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Functional groups and

Once we have the measures, we have to apply them to chemical objects. Objects of interest to a chemist include molecules, reactions, mbrtures, spectra, patents, journal articles, atoms, functional groups, and complex chemical systems. Most frequently, the objects studied for similarity/dissimilarity are molecular structures. [Pg.309]

How would you make it Don t be deceived by its oddness - identify the functional group and you will see what to do first. [Pg.13]

Another technique is to use pattern recognition routines. Whereas QSAR relates activity to properties such as the dipole moment, pattern recognition examines only the molecular structure. It thus attempts to find correlations between the functional groups and combinations of functional groups and the biological activity. [Pg.114]

Conceptually the most simple syntheses of complex molecules involve the joining of structural units in which all functional groups and all asymmetric centres are preformed. This technique can usually only be applied to compounds in which these units are connected by —C—X— bonds rather than C—C. It is illustrated here by the standard syntheses of oligonucleotides, peptides, and polydentate macrocyclic ligands. [Pg.215]

Our first three chapters established some fundamental principles concerning the structure of organic molecules and introduced the connection between structure and reactivity with a review of acid-base reactions In this chapter we explore structure and reactivity m more detail by developing two concepts functional groups and reaction mechanisms A functional group is the atom or group m a molecule most respon sible for the reaction the compound undergoes under a prescribed set of conditions How the structure of the reactant is transformed to that of the product is what we mean by the reaction mechanism... [Pg.142]

One mode of chemical reactivity involves the ring itself as a functional group and includes... [Pg.438]

Carbohydrates are marvelous molecules In most of them every carbon bears a functional group and the nature of the functional groups changes as the molecule mterconverts between open chain and cyclic hemiacetal forms Any approach to understanding carbohydrates must begin with structure... [Pg.1061]

Antioxidants markedly retard the rate of autoxidation throughout the useful life of the polymer. Chain-terminating antioxidants have a reactive —NH or —OH functional group and include compounds such as secondary aryl amines or hindered phenols. They function by transfer of hydrogen to free radicals, principally to peroxy radicals. Butylated hydroxytoluene is a widely used example. [Pg.1008]

Selected Gravimetric Methods for the Analysis of Organic Functional Groups and Heteroatoms Based on Precipitation... [Pg.250]

Table 1. Analyte Functional Groups and Chiral Derivatizing Reagents... Table 1. Analyte Functional Groups and Chiral Derivatizing Reagents...
Moisture and Water Content. Resins are thoroughly washed with water upon completion of manufacture and conversion (if necessary) to another ionic form. Excess water is removed by vacuum draining or filtration. Nevertheless, a significant quantity of water associated with the functional groups and adhering to the outer surface of the resin particles remains with the resin as it is discharged into shipping containers. No effort is made to dry the resin, except in a few appHcation areas, since the resins are used in aqueous processes in most installations. [Pg.379]

Proton and carbon-13 nmr spectroscopy provides detailed information on all types of hydrogen and carbon atoms, thus enabling identification of functional groups and types of linkages ia the lignin stmcture. Detailed a ssignments of signals ia proton and carbon-13 nmr spectra have been pubHshed... [Pg.141]

Monomers containing reactive functional groups ia the ester moiety exhibit the toxicological profile of the functional group and should be considered on an iadividual basis. Consideration of methods of monomer manufacture may be appropriate, as by-products, even at trace levels, may affect the observed biological response. [Pg.255]

Collectors ndFrothers. Collectors play a critical role ia flotation (41). These are heteropolar organic molecules characterized by a polar functional group that has a high affinity for the desired mineral, and a hydrocarbon group, usually a simple 2—18 carbon atom hydrocarbon chain, that imparts hydrophobicity to the minerals surface after the molecule has adsorbed. Most collectors are weak acids or bases or their salts, and are either ionic or neutral. The mode of iateraction between the functional group and the mineral surface may iavolve a chemical reaction, for example, chemisorption, or a physical iateraction such as electrostatic attraction. [Pg.412]

Carbon Cha.in Backbone Polymers. These polymers may be represented by (4) and considered derivatives of polyethylene, where n is the degree of polymeriza tion and R is (an alkyl group or) a functional group hydrogen (polyethylene), methyl (polypropylene), carboxyl (poly(acryhc acid)), chlorine (poly(vinyl chloride)), phenyl (polystyrene) hydroxyl (poly(vinyl alcohol)), ester (poly(vinyl acetate)), nitrile (polyacrylonitrile), vinyl (polybutadiene), etc. The functional groups and the molecular weight of the polymers, control thek properties which vary in hydrophobicity, solubiUty characteristics, glass-transition temperature, and crystallinity. [Pg.478]

A variety of mechanisms or forces can attract organic chemicals to a soil surface and retain them there. For a given chemical, or family of chemicals, several of these mechanisms may operate in the bonding of the chemical to the soil. For any given chemical, an increase in polarity, number of functional groups, and ionic nature of the chemical can increase the number of potential sorption mechanisms for the chemical. [Pg.221]


See other pages where Functional groups and is mentioned: [Pg.363]    [Pg.539]    [Pg.24]    [Pg.349]    [Pg.268]    [Pg.506]    [Pg.308]    [Pg.327]    [Pg.347]    [Pg.4]    [Pg.337]    [Pg.1113]    [Pg.1117]    [Pg.31]    [Pg.275]    [Pg.209]    [Pg.49]    [Pg.313]    [Pg.208]    [Pg.376]    [Pg.379]    [Pg.379]    [Pg.178]    [Pg.436]    [Pg.212]    [Pg.157]    [Pg.232]    [Pg.150]    [Pg.173]    [Pg.200]    [Pg.200]    [Pg.417]    [Pg.223]    [Pg.481]   
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Alkenes functional group and compound class

Amides functional group and compound class

Amines and Their Derivatives Functional Groups Containing Nitrogen

Amines functional group and compound class

Amines, Nitriles, and other Nitrogen-containing Functional Groups

Between Metal Atoms and Functional Groups at Polymer Surfaces

Carbonyl compounds functional group and compound class

Carbonyl group and functional groups

Carboxylic acids functional group and compound clas

Catalyst activity and functional group

Catalyst activity and functional group tolerance

Chemoselectivity and Functional Group Compatibility

Compounds and functional groups

Curing of liquid rubbers and oligomers with functional groups

Decomposition in the Presence of Small Molecules and Functional Groups

Effects of functional-group orientation on rates and equilibria

Electroactivity of Functional Groups and Compounds

Energy Relations for Functional Groups and Their Interactions

Ethers functional group and compound class

Families of Carbon Compounds Functional Groups, Intermolecular Forces, and Infrared (IR) Spectroscopy

Fragment- and functional group-based

Functional Group Interconversion by Substitution, Including Protection and Deprotection

Functional Group Transformations Oxidation and reduction

Functional Group-Keyed Removal of Functionality and Stereocenters

Functional Group-Keyed Removal of Functionally and Stereocenters

Functional Groups and Appendages as Keys for Connective Transforms

Functional Groups and Nomenclature

Functional Groups and Nomenclature II

Functional Groups and Organic Families

Functional Groups and Organic Reactions

Functional Groups other than Acetylenes, Alkanes, Allenes and Olefins

Functional Groups other than Acetylenes, Allenes, and Olefins

Functional Groups with Both Single and Double Bonds

Functional group carbonyl compounds and

Functional group relationships, and

Functional groups aldehydes and ketones

Functional groups and infrared spectroscopy

Functional groups and reactivity

Functional groups intermolecular forces and

Functional groups, determination AAS, GFAAS and ICP analytical values

Functional groups, nomenclature and drawing organic compounds

Functional groups, organic with single and double bonds

Functional groups, protection and deprotection

Group Product Functions and the Basis Orbitals

Hydrocarbon frameworks and functional groups

Hydrogenation of Carbonyl and Other Functional Groups

Hydroxy Functional Group Alcohols Properties, Preparation, and Strategy of Synthesis

Importance of functional groups in determining drug actions and toxicity

Introduction and Interchange of Functional Groups

Introduction of Non-functional Alkyl and Reactive Allyl Groups

Introduction to Functional Groups and Alcohols

Introduction to Organic Molecules and Functional Groups

Key Concepts—Introduction to Organic Molecules and Functional Groups

Matrices and Wave Functions under Double-Group Symmetry

Organic molecules and functional groups

Oxidation States of Alcohols and Related Functional Groups

Oxidation of Aldehydes to Amides, Esters and Related Functional Groups

Phytoplankton functional groups and

Plane groups and invariant functions

Polymeric Materials with Ionic Functional Groups and Their Protein Adsorptive Behavior

Properties and Reactivities of Common Functional Groups

Radicals and Functional Groups

Reduction of Carbonyl and Other Functional Groups

Separation and Group Function Formalism

Substituents and Functional Groups

Synthesis and functional group transformations

The Functional Groups and Their Names

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