Fullerenes supramolecular fullerene chemistry

F. Diederich, M. Gomez-Lopez, Supramolecular Fullerene Chemistry , Chem. Soc Rev. 1999, 28, 263-277. 

Diederich, F. and G6mez-L6pez, M. Supramolecular fullerene chemistry. Chem. Soc. Rev. 28,263-277,1999. 

Just by comparing the number of publications on fullerenes (5500 until 1994 and 21500 between 1994 and now) it was immediately clear that the whole literature even that focussing on fullerene chemistry cannot be covered in a single monograph. We had to carefully select and condense the material, refer to the many excellent reviews of specific subjects such as chemistry of higher fullerenes and supramolecular chemistry of fullerenes. 

Sun D, Tham FS, Reed CA, Chaker L, Boyd PD (2002) Supramolecular fullerene-porphyrin chemistry, fullerene complexation by metalated Jaws Porphyrin Hosts. J Am Chem Soc 124(23) 6604-6612... 

Keywords-. Fullerenes, supramolecular chemistry, energy and electron transfer processes. 

Regarding fullerene chemistry, whereas the covalent functionalisation of buckminsterfiillerene Ceo has seen dramatic development, the supramolecular aspects of its chemistry have not been explored to the same extent. In contrast to covalent bonds, the formation of H-bonds is reversible and their strength depends on the chemical environment, such as the solvent or temperature. This important difference has been skillfully used in the preparation of a variety of reversible donor-acceptor dyads. 

Sun, D., Tham, F. S., Reed, C. A. and Boyd, P. D. W. Extending supramolecular fullerene-porphyrin chemistry to pillared metal-organic frameworks. PNAS 99, 5088-5092, 2002. 

This section discusses the scope of [60]fullerene-based polymer chemistry. These approaches may allow for the development, on a supramolecular level, of unprecedented architectures. Previous sections have dealt primarily with the self-assembly of the [60]fullerene and its derivatives as a result of microphase separation and subsequent formahon of huge [60]fullerene clusters driven by the weak noncovalent forces in the solid state, mesophase and water. To avoid microphase separation, the introduction of functionalized [60]fullerene derivatives into polymer main chains through noncovalent interactions is a very promising approach. The construction of fullerene-containing supramolecular polymers in organic solution is now presented. 

The impact of [60]fullerene molecules in chemistry, nanotechnology and related fields has been impressive and is expected to grow through the incorporation of concepts and practices from supramolecular chemistry. Chemists have already made significant advances in the supramolecular chemistry of fuUerene by generating new, functional smart materials. The functionality derives from the supramolecular level, and it is unique to the assembled state. Thus, controlling the supramolecular structures of smart materials at the molecular level involves... 

Supramolecular chemistry of fullerenes linked or fused with heterocylic fragments 99CSR263. 

A. L. Balch, FuUerenes as encapsulating hosts preparation, detection, and structures of endohedral fullerenes, in Encyclopedia of Supramolecular Chemistry (eds J. L. Atwood and J. W. Steed), Marcel Dekker, New York, 2004, p. 579. 

Due to their unique electronic and chemical properties fullerenes have a tremendous potential as building blocks for molecular engineering, new molecular materials and supramolecular chemistry [54, 133], Many examples of fullerene derivatives (Section 14.1), which are promising candidates for nanotechnological or medical applications, have been synthesized already and even more exciting developments are expected. A detailed description of the potential of fullerene derivatives for technological applications would require an extra monograph. Since this book focuses on the chemical properties and the synthetic potential of fullerenes only a few concepts for fullerene based materials will be briefly presented. 

Hahn U, Cardinal F, Nierengarten J-F. Supramolecular chemistry for the self-assembly of fullerene-rich dendrimers. New J Chem 2007 31 1128-1138. 

Like the currently popular area, called nanoscience , the field of supramolecular chemistry has rather hazy boundaries. Indeed, both areas now share much common ground in terms of the types of systems that are considered. From the beginning, electrochemistry, which provides a powerful complement to spectroscopic techniques, has played an important role in characterizing such systems and this very useful book goes considerably beyond the volume on this same topic by Kaifer and Gomez-Kaifer that was published about 10 years ago. Some of the classic supramolecular chemistry topics such as rotaxanes, catenanes, host-guest interactions, dendrimers, and self-assembled monolayers remain, but now with important extensions into the realms of fullerenes, carbon nanotubes, and biomolecules, like DNA. 

Fig. 2 Supramolecular system consisting of a fullerene covalently linked to a calixarene [9] the authors say that the synthesis of the nanocup was a tribute to the French football team of 1998 (a) classical chemical representation (b) computer-generated space-filling model, showing the shape relationship of this supramolecular structure and (c) the football World Cup. Reproduced by permission of The Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC) and the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)...

Keywords Circular dichroism Fullerenes Host-guest Ion-pairs Sergeants-and-soldiers Supramolecular chemistry Supramolecular polymers... 

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