Fucoidans heparin

Specihc poly anions such as dextran sulfate (DS) appear to exhibit strong anti-HIV activity in vitro [36,37]. Human oral administration of DS is poorly absorbed, but intravaneous administration does result in increased plasma lipolytic activity [38]. Poly anions that have been considered for intravaginal anti-HIV activity include DS, carrageenan, heparin, heparan sulfate, dermatan sulfate, pentosan polysulfate, fucoidan chondroitin sulfate, keratan sulfate, and PAVAS [21,22,39,40],... 

HIV infection in humans is now pandemic. As of January 2006, the Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS) and the World Health Organization (WHO) estimate that AIDS has killed more than 25 million people since it was first recognized on December 1, 1981, making it one of the most destructive pandemics in recorded history. Antiretroviral treatment reduces both the mortality and the morbidity of HIV infection, but routine access to antiretroviral medication is not available in all countries. An alternative therapy to circumvent this problem is the use of polyanionic substances, which demonstrated a number of promising features as potential anti-HIV drug candidates. In this respect, various SPs (e.g., heparin, DS, dextrin sulfate, cyclo dextrin sulfate, curdlan sulfate, pentosan polysulfate, mannan sulfate, sulfoevernan, and fucoidan) and derivatives thereof (e.g., O-acylated heparin, polyacetal polysulfate, polyvinyl alcohol sulfate, and modified cyclo dextrin sulfates) have been found to inhibit HIV replication in vitro at concentrations that are up to 10 000-fold lower than the cytotoxic concentration [2,71]. 

Fig. (2). Photograph of Matrigel, 5 days after a subcutaneous injection with 0.5 ml. Main gel alone (a)t Mairigel supplemented with aFGF and heparin without (b). or with 150 mg/kg (c). or 300 mg/kg(d) of fucoidan administered orally twice from day 0 to 4.

Chabut D Fisher, A.-M., Colliec-Jouault, S., Laurendeau, I., Matou, S Le Bonniec, B and Helley, D. (2003) Low molecular weight fucoidan and heparin enhance the basic fibroblast growth factor-induced tube formation of endothelial cells through heparan sulfate-dependent a6 over-expression. Mol. Pharmacol., 64, 696-702. 

Durand, E., HeUey, D., A1 Haj Zen, A., Dujols, C., Bruneval, P., Colliec-Jouault, S., Fisher, A.-M., and LafonL A. (2008) Effect of low molecular weight fucoidan and low molecular weight heparin in a rabbit model of arterial thrombosis. J. Vase. Res., 45, 529-537. 

Church, FC Meade, JB Treanor, RE Whinna, HC. Antithrombin activity of fucoidan. The interaction of fucoidan with heparin cofactor II, antithrombin III, and thrombin. 

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