Fourier transform infrared FT-IR

MS, Mass spectrometry El, electron impact Cl, chemical ionization MID, multiple ion detection PICI, positive-ion chemical ionization NICI, negative-ion chemical ionization SIM, selected ion nmonitoring TSP, thermospray PPINICI, pulsed positive ion-negative ion chemical ionization ECD, electron-capture detector NPD, nitrogen/phosphorous detector NSTD, nitrogen-selective thermionic detector FT-IR, Fourier transform infrared spectrometry. 

SOM, soil organic matter HS, humic substances DH, degree of humification HAC, humic acid C FAC, fulvic acid C TEC, total extractable C HR, humification rate HI, humification index NHC, nonhumified C TOC, total organic C HA, humic acid FA, fulvic acids UV-Vis, ultraviolet-visible FT-IR, Fourier transform infrared NMR, nuclear magnetic resonance ESR, electron spin resonance EEM, excitation-emission matrix. 

The major peculiarities for a diagenetically altered bone are an increase in crystal size and a decrease in protein content [104], thus complementary information on the state of degradation can be obtained by FT-IR (Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy). The characteristic splitting of the double peak at 563-604 cm-1 corresponds to the phosphate vibrations v4 (P04)3- indicating mineral-phase modifications, e.g. changes in crystallinity. A low value for the splitting factor SF indicates a high amount of amorphous material in the mineral phase and was obtained as described in Ref. [105],... 

PSII = Photosystem II WOC = Water-oxidizing complex OEC = Oxygen-evolving complex (B)RC = (Bacterial) Reaction Center Chi = Chlorophyll Bchl = Bacteriochloro-phyll XRD = X-ray diffraction EPR = Electron paramagnetic resonance EXAFS = Extended X-ray absorption fine stmctnre ENDOR = Electron-nuclear double resonance ESEEM = Electron spin echo envelope modulation (Tyr = Yz) = DlTyrl61 ATP = Adenosine Triphosphate KIE = Kinetic isotope effect UV = Ultraviolet (FT-)IR = (Fourier Transform) InfraRed. 

Acid sites and hvdroxvl distribution were evaluated by FT-IR (Fourier Transform-InfraRed) spectroscopy (mod. 2000 Perkin-Elmer). The spectra were recorded in transmittance at 21°C after in situ treatments of pure wafers of calcined samples. The acid sites distribution was determined by pyridine adsorption at 200°C and stepwise desorption (in the 200-500°C range, 1 h, dynamic vacuum 2-10 mbar) on pure pellets, after evacuation (500°C, 1 h, dynamic vacuum 2T0 mbar). 

Under Romanian-German-Spanish collaboration, experimental investigations of the gas-phase reactions of the NO3 radical with a series of benzenediol compounds were performed. The experiments were carried out in two chamber systems with in situ FT-IR (Fourier Transform -Infrared Spectroscopy) detection of reactants a 1080 1 quartz glass reactor at the Bergische University Wuppertal and in the EUPHORE outdoor smog chamber facility in Valencia/Spain. The kinetics of the reaction of NO3 radicals with three benzenediols using a relative kinetic technique have been investigated. 

DAD, diode array detector p.b., phosphate buffer FT-IR, Fourier transform infrared spectrometry. 

MS = mass spectrometer, GC = gas chromatography, c = concentration, T = temperature, P = pressure, FT-IR = Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy... 

ECD = electron capture detector FID = flame ionization detector FT-IR = Fourier transform-infrared spectrometer GC = gas chromatography MS = mass spectrometry... 

ECD = electron capture detector EPA = Environmental Protection Agency FEWS = fiber evanescent wave spectroscopy FID = flame ionization detection FT-IR = Fourier transform infrared GC = gas chromatography HECD = Hall electrolytic conductivity detector HRGC = high resolution gas chromatography HSD = halide-sensitive detector H2SO4 = sulfuric acid LDPE = low-density polyethylene MS = mass spectrometry NIOSH = National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health NR = not reported PI = photoionization UV = ultraviolet detection... 

The most important metal-containing heat stabilizers in PVC can also be identified through IR-spectroscopy (see Section 8.2). Characteristic absorption bands for the salts of carboxylic acids are the bands of the ionized carboxy group in the region from 1590 to 1490 cm and from 1410 to 1370 cm Since the exact position of the absorption bands depends mainly on the metal counterions of the carboxy group, the IR-spectra provide a first identification of these metals. Tin stabilizers also show characteristic bands in these regions of the IR-spectrum. To determine the spectra, one uses pressed pellets made by finely grinding the sample material with potassium bromide. The identification of the metal becomes even more certain if an FT-IR (Fourier Transform/Infrared) instrument is available. With such an instrument, it is possible to subtract the spectrum of an additive-free... 

Figure 8.6 FT-IR (Fourier transform infrared) characterization of (al) bulk [C,jMIM)[BF4) (a2) mesoporous silica-confined [C,jMlm][BF4] (IL-sg), (bl) bulk [Cj MIMJICHjSOj], and (b2) confined [CjjMIMjlCHjSOj] (IL-sg).

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