Outdoor smog chamber

Leone JA, Flagan RC, Grosjean D, et al. 1985. An outdoor smog chamber and modeling study of toluene-NO photooxidation. Int J Chem Kinet 17(2) 177-216. 

Figure 6. Particle size distributions measured (A) at the beginning and (B) after initial particle growth in a seeded methylcyclohexane-NOx photooxidation experiment conducted in the Caltech outdoor smog chamber. (Reproduced from reference 49. Copyright 1991 American Chemical Society.)...

Jeffries, H. E., R. M. Kamens, K. G. Sexton, and A. A. Gerhardt outdoor smog chamber experiments to test photochemical models, EPA-600/3-82-016a, April (1982). 

Under Romanian-German-Spanish collaboration, experimental investigations of the gas-phase reactions of the NO3 radical with a series of benzenediol compounds were performed. The experiments were carried out in two chamber systems with in situ FT-IR (Fourier Transform -Infrared Spectroscopy) detection of reactants a 1080 1 quartz glass reactor at the Bergische University Wuppertal and in the EUPHORE outdoor smog chamber facility in Valencia/Spain. The kinetics of the reaction of NO3 radicals with three benzenediols using a relative kinetic technique have been investigated. 

Wang, S. C., Paulson, S. E., Grosjean, D., Flagan, R. C., and Seinfeld, J. H., Aerosol formation and growth in atmospheric organic/NO., systems I. Outdoor smog chamber studies of C7 and C8 hydrocarbons. Atmos. Environ. 26A, 403 (1992a). 

Let us consider as an example the reaction of cyclohexene with ozone in the atmosphere. This reaction has been studied in a series of indoor and outdoor smog chamber experiments by Grosjean and Friedlander (1979) and Hatakeyama et al. (1985). A potential reaction mechanism is depicted in Figure 13.9. The first steps of the reaction are the formation of an initial molozonide M, its transformation to a peroxy radical intermediate, and then to a dioxyrane-type intermediate, and finally to an excited Criegee biradical [CH0(CH2)4CH0 0 ]. a series of reactions then lead from the Criegee biradical to stable products, some with five and some with six carbon atoms (Figure 13.9). This rather complicated series of reactions leads to the stable gas-phase products listed in Table 13.10. 

Interestingly, heterogeneous processes appear to be involved in HONO formation, certainly in smog chambers and indoor air environments and most likely on a variety of surfaces outdoors. It is produced from gaseous N02 and adsorbed water in a heterogeneous reaction on surfaces (see Chapter 7) ... 

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