Free-radical-initiated chain polymerization

Emulsion polymerization is a free radical initiated chain polymerization in which a monomer or a mixture of monomers is polymerized in aqueous solution of a surfactant to form a product, known as a latex. The most important feature of emulsion polymerization is its heterogeneity from the beginning to the end of the polymerization, to yield in a batch process submicron-sized polymeric particles, often of excellent monodispersity. The main ingredients for conducting... 

Equations (6.3) through (6.12) constitute the detailed mechanism of a free-radical initiated chain polymerization. According to this scheme, the initiator I first decomposes into a pair of primary (free) radicals, R, as in Eq. (6.3), the rate of radical generation being then given by... 

For addition polymers four types of polymerization processes are known fi"ee-radical-initiated chain polymerization, anionic polymerization, cationic polymerization, and coordination polymerization (with Ziegler-Natta catalysts). By far the most extensively used process is the free-radical-initiated chain polymerization. However, the more recent development of stereo regular polymers using certain... 

Vinyl chloride Free-radical-initiated chain polymerization Pipe and fittings (35%), film and sheet (15%), flooring materials (10%), wire and cable insulation (5%), automotive parts (5%), adhesives and coatings (5%)... 

Tetrafluoroethylene, hexafluoropropylene, chlorotrifluoroethylene, vinyl fluoride, vinylidene fluoride, perfluoroalkyl vinyl ether Free-radical-initiated chain polymerization Coatings for chemical process equipment, cable insulation, electrical components, nonsticking surfaces for cookware... 

Acrylonitrile, styrene Free-radical-initiated chain polymerization Components of domestic appliances, electrical equipment and car equipment, picnic ware, housewares... 

Ethylene, methacrylic acid Free-radical-initiated chain polymerization Packaging film, golf ball covers, automotive parts, footwear... 

Acrylonitrile Free-radical-initiated chain polymerization Fibers in apparel (70%) and house furnishings (30%)... 

Acrylic acid esters Free-radical-initiated chain polymerization Fiber modification, coatings, adhesives, paints... 

Acrylamide Free-radical-initiated chain polymerization Flocculant, adhesives, paper treatment, water treatment, coatings... 

Poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) is produced by free-radical-initiated chain polymerization of N-vinyl pyrrolidone. Polymerization is usually carried out in aqueous solution to produce a solution containing 30% polymer. The material is marketed in this form or spray dried to give a fine powder. 

Phthalic anhydride, maleic anhydride, fumaric acid, isophthalic acid, ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, diethylene glycol, styrene Bulk polycondensation followed by free-radical-initiated chain polymerization Construction, automotive applications, marine applications... 

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