Fragrant water

The scents of plante are extracted in the form of oils, or utters, extracts, fragrant waters, et cetera and the skill and taste of the perfumer render them capable of being infinitelyextended and diversified by combination. In this way the great variety of bouquets hare their origin,... 

Extraction of Simple Odors. —By Distillation.—This process is neoessary for the preparation of nearly all the essential or volatile oils, the fragrant waters, and mure particularly Cologne waters. The apparatus consists of a metallic still and ite appliances, for general purposes but in certain cases, such as the distillation of vinegars and other substances that might act upon metal, glass or stoneware retorts are the proper implements. Those latter, it should also be remembered, are better applicable for small and nice operations. 

Cologne and other Fragrant Waters.—These preparations are mostly solutions of bouquets of essential oils, or extracts, in alcohol, improved by distillation. For common kinds distillation is omitted. 

In contrast, aromatic ketones are high boiling, colorless Hquids that generally have a fragrant odor and are almost insoluble in water. They are useful as intermediates in chemical manufacture. Functionalized and cycHc ketones are also good solvents. Ring size and the type and location of functional groups affect odor, color, and reactivity of these ketones. 

Bbadnri baa examined the oil of Oeimum pilasutn. The whole plant when fresh is fragrant, but quietly loses its odour when dried, e seeds form a gelatinons mass when steeped in water this mucilage is employed medicinally in India. The green seeds contain more esaontial oil than the leaves, hat ibe whole plant was distilled. The oil obtained was pale yellow in colour and very mobile. Its characters were as follows —... 

Experiment (c).—An equal volume of acetyl chloride is added drop by drop to 1 c.c. of alcohol in a test tube which is cooled in water. The mixture is then treated, while similarly cooled, with an equal volume of water and is carefully made slightly alkaline with sodium hydroxide. If a mobile layer of fragrant ethyl acetate fails to appear, finely powdered common salt is added until no more dissolves. This treatment causes the separation of the ethyl acetate. 

Whites crystals or waxy solid, with a faint, fragrant, aromatic-like odor. Tasteless. Odor threshold concentration is 200 ppb (quoted, Keith and Walters, 1992) and in water, 350 pg/kg (Sigworth, 1964). 

Properties and Composition. — The odor of myrrh is peculiar, but balsamic and fragrant the tecte is bitter, aromatic, and somewhat pungent. Water dissolves the gum principally, while alcohol and ether take up the volatile oil and resin. Myrrh is readily dissolved by the alkalies. When it is subjected to the action of nitric acid, a vinous hue is produced. According to Pelletier it consists of thirty-four per cent, of resin and sixty-six of gum. Rdickholdt states that it contains, when of the best quality, between forty-four and forty-five per cent, of resin. Brandes and Bbaconnot have also analysed it, with the following results —... 

Citron.—The flowers of this plant—citrus tnedica— give, by distillation, a fragrant oil, which is much in demand for the manufacture of Cologne-water. 

The Frensh lavender—l. spiea—ako yields a fragrant oil and water by distillation but they are very far inferior to those from the preceding species. The oil of this latter plant is called the oil of spike. 

Salicylaldehyde—Colourless fragrant oil, soluble in water miscible in all proportions with alcohol and ether B.P. 196-5° solidifies to large crystals at 0° D.1-172. 

By the early part of the twentieth century, pure grades of volatile hydrocarbon solvents such as benzene and hexane became available through progress in petroleum-refining methods. They were found to be very useful for the extraction of fragrant plants and plant materials. If the plant material extracted is rich in waxes (as is generally the case with flowers, stems, and leaves), these are also taken up in the extract. After careful removal of the volatile solvent by distillation, a waxy concrete remains behind. This is then washed with alcohol to separate the fragrance materials, which are soluble in alcohol, from the insoluble waxes. An absolute is then produced by the removal of the alcohol by distillation, usually under reduced pressure. Certain plant materials that contain no water, such as resins or dried leaves and mosses, may be extracted directly with alcohol. The extracts obtained—often sticky, viscous, and resiny—are called resinoids. 

Use and exposure Propyl alcohol is a clear, colorless, volatile, flammable, fragrant liquid miscible with water and used as a solvent and antiseptic. It has two isomers n-propyl alcohol and isopropyl alcohol. These alcohols have extensive use as chemical intermediates in a variety of industries— manufacturing, pharmaceuticals, perfumes, cosmetics, skin lotions, hair tonics, mouthwashes, and liquid soaps. They are also used as lacquers, dental lotions, polishers, and surgical antiseptics. - ... 

PROP Colorless or yellowish, oily, fragrant Uquid. Bp 175-200°, flash p 117°F (CC), d 0.875-0.900 20°/20°. Insol in water sol in chloroform, ether, oils, and in approx 3 vols ale. Found in the trees and bark of Cinnamomum carphora sieh (Fam. iMuraceae) and prepared by fractional distillation of crude camphor oil after the camphor has been crystallized out a white, viscous liquid with cineole as the principal ingredient along with monoterpenes (FCTXAV 11,1011,73),... 

P RTUM applied to the body has as venerable a lineage as incense. The ancient Egyptians made fragrant oils and waxes by immersing petals and pther fragrant materials in them. One can also simply soak the source material in water to make a perfumed wash, roses to make rosewater for example. Materials for perfumery are obtained in many ways. Expression is used to squeeze out fragrant oils from citrus peel. Essential oils, (the... 

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