Fourier-transform, Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy

Py-GC Fourier-transform (FT) nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy is another complementary technique that provides more detailed information on the structure of polymers than does Py-GC alone. As an example of the application of this technique Leibman and co-workers [2] applied it to a study of short-chain branching in polyethylene (PE) and polyvinylchloride (PVC). The nature and relative quantities of the short branches along the polymer chains were determined, providing detailed microstructural information. Down to 0.1 methyl, ethyl, or w-butyl branches per 1000 methylene groups can be determined by this procedure. Other structural defects can also be determined, thus providing significant information on polymer microstructure that is not otherwise readily obtained. [Pg.171]

Spectroscopy, 490. See also 13C NMR spectroscopy FT Raman spectroscopy Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometry H NMR spectroscopy Infrared (IR) spectroscopy Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy Positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy (PALS) Positron annihilation spectroscopy (PAS) Raman spectroscopy Small-angle x-ray spectroscopy (SAXS) Ultraviolet spectroscopy Wide-angle x-ray spectroscopy (WAXS)... [Pg.601]

Supercritical fluid chromatography Thin-layer chromatography Atomic absorption spectroscopy Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy Mass spectrometry Fourier transform infrared spectrometry... [Pg.84]

Infrared (IR) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR)... [Pg.171]

Investigations of the acidity of specific surface sites may be accomplished by studies coordinated with spectroscopic methods, such as infrared (JR) spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, or mass spectrometry (MS). Surface characterization with Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy can provide quantitative results with experimental methods that are easily performed. However, the transmission sampling techniques traditionally employed for infrared studies may introduce experimental artifacts on the analyzed surface (10,... [Pg.255]

Several different experimental techniques, such as fluorescence decay, electron spin resonance (ESR) spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, neutron reflectome-try, calorimetry, Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) adsorption spectroscopy, small-angle neutron scattering (SANS), ellipsometry and surface force measurements, have been used to study self-assembled surfactant structures at the solid-liquid interface (11). These measurements, although providing insight into the hemimicellization process, critical aggregation numbers... [Pg.237]

See also Air Analysis Sampling Outdoor Air Workplace Air. Fourier Transform Techniques. Nuciear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy Techniques Solid-State Surface Coil In Vivo Spectroscopy Using Localization Techniques. Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy Instrumentation. [Pg.3198]

Microscopy (TEM), UltraViolet-Visible (UV-vis) Spectroscopy, Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) Spectroscopy, and Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) Spectroscopy are among others deeply used and X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) has become an increasingly available and powerful tool for imderstanding the nature of different surfaces and chemical and electronic structure of functionalized molecules or polymers upon coordination for example of metallic nanoparticles or biological systems. [Pg.203]

The pulse Fourier transform approach to magnetic resonance spectroscopy has been extensively developed and successfully applied to systems of one-half spin and their mutual interactions. But resonance spectroscopy of spin systems with the higher half- and integer spin quantum numbers is commonplace, for example, in the case of alkali metal nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) of transition metal compounds involving multi-quantum transitions. Similarly, magnetic resonance at zero field entails the observation of multi-quantum transitions. [Pg.179]

Most hydrocarbon resins are composed of a mixture of monomers and are rather difficult to hiUy characterize on a molecular level. The characteristics of resins are typically defined by physical properties such as softening point, color, molecular weight, melt viscosity, and solubiHty parameter. These properties predict performance characteristics and are essential in designing resins for specific appHcations. Actual characterization techniques used to define the broad molecular properties of hydrocarbon resins are Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ftir), nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (nmr), and differential scanning calorimetry (dsc). [Pg.350]

The crystalline mineral silicates have been well characterized and their diversity of stmcture thoroughly presented (2). The stmctures of siHcate glasses and solutions can be investigated through potentiometric and dye adsorption studies, chemical derivatization and gas chromatography, and laser Raman, infrared (ftir), and Si Fourier transform nuclear magnetic resonance ( Si ft-nmr) spectroscopy. References 3—6 contain reviews of the general chemical and physical properties of siHcate materials. [Pg.3]

In this chapter, three methods for measuring the frequencies of the vibrations of chemical bonds between atoms in solids are discussed. Two of them, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy, FTIR, and Raman Spectroscopy, use infrared (IR) radiation as the probe. The third, High-Resolution Electron Enetgy-Loss Spectroscopy, HREELS, uses electron impact. The fourth technique. Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, NMR, is physically unrelated to the other three, involving transitions between different spin states of the atomic nucleus instead of bond vibrational states, but is included here because it provides somewhat similar information on the local bonding arrangement around an atom. [Pg.413]

In the following, some examples of applications of Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) Spectroscopy and of solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) to the study of polymorphism in polymers are described. [Pg.207]

Many methods are currently available for the qualitative analysis of anthocyanins including hydrolysis procedures," evaluation of spectral characteristics, mass spectroscopy (MS), " nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. - Frequently a multi-step procedure will be used for... [Pg.486]

A number of techniques have been employed that are capable of giving information about amorphous phases. These include infrared spectroscopy, especially the use of the attenuated total reflection (ATR) or Fourier transform (FT) techniques. They also include electron probe microanalysis, scanning electron microscopy, and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. Nor are wet chemical methods to be neglected for they, too, form part of the armoury of methods that have been used to elucidate the chemistry and microstructure of these materials. [Pg.359]

Field desorption mass spectrometry [1606], C nuclear magnetic resonance, and fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy [1337] have been used to characterize oil field chemicals, among them, scale inhibitors. Ion... [Pg.106]

Ludlow, M., Louden, D., Handley, A., Taylor, S., Wright, B., and Wilson, I.D., Size-exclusion chromatography with on-line ultraviolet, proton nuclear magnetic resonance, and mass spectrometric detection and on-line collection for off-line Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, /. Chromatogr. A, 857,89,1999. [Pg.380]

Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy was performed oj a Nicolet 10DX spectrometer. Nuclear magnetic resonance ( H) characterization was accomplished using an IBM 270 SL. Both techniques can successfully be utilized to analyze both the diblock precursors as well as the derived acid containing polymers. [Pg.263]

Robins, D., A. Alstin, and D. Fletton (1987), The examination of organic components in historical non-metallic seals with C-13 Fourier transform nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, in Grimstad, K. (ed.), 8th Triennial Mtg., Int. Council of Museums Committee for Conservation, Sidney, pp. 82-87. [Pg.609]

Several modem analytical instruments are powerful tools for the characterisation of end groups. Molecular spectroscopic techniques are commonly employed for this purpose. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and mass spectrometry (MS), often in combination, can be used to elucidate the end group structures for many polymer systems more traditional chemical methods, such as titration, are still in wide use, but employed more for specific applications, for example, determining acid end group levels. Nowadays, NMR spectroscopy is usually the first technique employed, providing the polymer system is soluble in organic solvents, as quantification of the levels of... [Pg.172]

Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, ultraviolet-visible (UV-VIS) and fluorescence spectroscopy can be integrated with chromatographic techniques especially in the study of ageing and degradation of terpenic materials. They can be used to study the transformation, depletion or formation of specific functional groups in the course of ageing. [Pg.218]

Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy ( ll NMR) have become standards for verifying the chemistry of polyanhydrides. The reader is referred to the synthesis literature in the previous section for spectra of specific polymers. The FTIR spectrum for PSA is shown in Fig. 2. In FTIR the absorption... [Pg.189]