Fourier transform infrared quantitation

Co concentration was determined by spectrophotometer (Varian Cary 500) at 692 nm wave length, with the sample diluted with a 9 mol/L concentrated HCl solution. NO content in gas phase was obtained by an on-line Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (Nicolet E.S.P. 460 FT-IR) equipped with a gas cell and a quantitative package, Quant Pad. 

The strength of the Bronsted (BAS) and Lewis (LAS) acid sites of the pure and synthesized materials was measured by Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy (ATI Mattson FTIR) by using pyridine as a probe molecule. Spectral bands at 1545 cm 1 and 1450 cm 1 were used to indentify BAS and LAS, respectively. Quantitative determination of BAS and LAS was calculated with the coefficients reported by Emeis [5], The measurements were performed by pressing the catalyst into self supported wafers. Thereafter, the cell with the catalyst wafer was outgassed and heated to 450°C for lh. Background spectra were recorded at 100°C. Pyridine was then adsorbed onto the catalyst for 30 min followed by desorption at 250, 350 and 450°C. Spectra were recorded at 100°C in between every temperature ramp. 

Instrumentation. Fourier transform infrared (FUR) spectra were recorded on a Nicolet 5DX using standard techniques. Spectra were measured from various sample supports, including KBR pellets, free polymer films and films cast on NaCl windows. Spectra for quantitative analysis were recorded in the absorbance mode. The height of the 639 cm 1 absorbance was measured after the spectrum was expanded or contracted such that the 829 cm 1 absorbance was a constant height. In some spectra an artifact due to instrumental response appeared near 2300 cm 1. 

An important tool for the fast characterization of intermediates and products in solution-phase synthesis are vibrational spectroscopic techniques such as Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) or Raman spectroscopy. These concepts have also been successfully applied to solid-phase organic chemistry. A single bead often suffices to acquire vibrational spectra that allow for qualitative and quantitative analysis of reaction products,3 reaction kinetics,4 or for decoding combinatorial libraries.5... 

NMR) [24], and Fourier transform-infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy [25] are commonly applied methods. Analysis using mass spectrometric (MS) techniques has been achieved with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), with chemical ionisation (Cl) often more informative than conventional electron impact (El) ionisation [26]. For the qualitative and quantitative characterisation of silicone polyether copolymers in particular, SEC, NMR, and FT-IR have also been demonstrated as useful and informative methods [22] and the application of high-temperature GC and inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES) is also described [5]. 

H. M. Klimisch and G. Chandra. Use of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy with attenuated total reflectance for in vivo quantitation of polydimethylsiloxanes on human skin. J. Soc. Cosmet. Chem. Jpn. 37 73-87 (1986). 

This restilt was confimed by other groupsi2.i3, using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Kunimatsu and Kita made further progress using polarization modulation to enable quantitative measurements and showed... 

With the recent progress in Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, quantitative estimates of the various functional groups can also be made. This is particularly important for application to the higher-molecular-weight solid constituents of petroleum (i.e., the asphaltene fraction). 

C.M. Deeley, R.A. Spragg and T.L.A. Threlfall, Comparison of Fourier transform infrared and near-infrared Fourier transform Raman spectroscopy for quantitative measurements an application, Spectrochim. Acta, Part A, 47A, 1217-1223 (1991). 

Brown, J. M. Elliott, J. J. "The Quantitative Analysis of Minerals by Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR) Spectroscopy", from Workshop on Application of IR Methods to the Study of Clay Minerals, Clay Mineral Society, 20th Annual Meeting, October 1, 1983, Buffalo, NY. 

A few gas chromatography (GC) and liquid chromatography (LC) studies have been reported. Eor example, PCDDs have been separated on a 50m x 0.25 mm polar fused silica capillary GC column (CP Sil-88, Chrompack) with helium as carrier gas and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR)/MS detectors <1997ANC1113>. Furthermore, a highly sensitive and accurate GC-MS method for rapid quantitative analysis of 1,4-dioxane in water has been described <1997JCH(787)283>. 

De Maziere, M M. Van Roozendael, C. Hermans, P. C. Simon, P. Demoulin, G. Roland, and R. Zander, Quantitative Evaluation of the Post-Mount Pinatubo N02 Reduction and Recovery, Based on 10 Years of Fourier Transform Infrared and UV-Visi-ble Spectroscopic Measurements at Jungfraujoch, J. Geophys. Res., 103, 10849-10858 (1998). 

Arrondo, J.L., Muga, A., Castresana, J., Goni, F.M. (1993). Quantitative studies of the structure of proteins in solution by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. Prog. Biophys. Molec. Biol., 59, 23-56. 

For qualitative analysis, two detectors that can identify compounds are the mass spectrometer (Section 22-4) and the Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (Section 20-5). A peak can be identified by comparing its spectrum with a library of spectra recorded in a computer. For mass spectral identification, sometimes two prominent peaks are selected in the electron ionization spectrum. The quantitation ion is used for quantitative analysis. The confinnation ion is used for qualitative identification. For example, the confirmation ion might be expected to be 65% as abundant as the quantitation ion. If the observed abundance is not close to 65%, then we suspect that the compound is misidentified. 

Spectra of various aqueous solutions, including 1.8 M D-glucose solution were measured171 with a Fourier-transform, infrared spectrometer. The data obtained for dilute solutions were found useful for the usual qualitative purposes, and also amenable to quantitative analysis, but the spectra of such concentrated solutions as 1.8 M D-glucose show distortions of the background at >3000 cm-1, and negative, water deformation bands. These distortions were attributed to structural changes of water in the presence of the solutes. 

Abstract—This study extends previous work on silanized kaolin clays to other substrates, such as aluminum hydroxide. It will also show that high precision quantitative Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR) diffuse reflectance measurements can be performed on this vinyl silanized substrate and predict that other silanized finely divided powders can be analyzed using these techniques. 

In order to optimize each embedding material property, complete cure of the material is essential. Various analytical methods are used to determine the complete cure of each material. Differential scanning calorimetry, Fourier transform-infrared (ftir), and micro dielectrometry provide quantitative curing processing of each material. Their methods are described below. 

Ge, Z. Thompson, R. Cooper, S. etal., Quantitative monitoring of an epoxidation process by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy Process Contr. Qual. 1995, 7, 3-12. 

Fourier transform infrared microspectroscopy (FTIR) and Raman microspectroscopy provide quantitative information about the chemical microstructure of heterogeneous solid foods (Cremer and Kaletunq, 2003 Piot et al., 2000 Thygesen et al., 2003) without sample destruction. 

Infrared Spectroscopy can be used to gain important information about functional groups on surfaces of minerals, but quantitative determinations have been difficult. For complex materials, like coal, the spectra are still not resolved fully for example, there is great deal of uncertainty about the 1600cm-1 band which is the dominant feature of all coal spectra. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, which is a considerable improvement in this technique, has recently been used to investigate low-temperature oxidation of coal (13). 

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