Foundry operations

Storage and Handling. Plutonium can be stored safely in dry air. Because of self-heating, storage accompanied by heat removal is advisable. The metal can be machined in moisture-free air containing at least 70 vol % Ar or He. Casting and foundry operations that requite melting of the metal must be carried out in vacuum or inert atmospheres and special containers. 

Scrap is a worldwide commodity. The United States alone exports some 10,000,000 t/yr. The total circulation of scrap ia the United States is in the range of 70 90 x 10 t/yr, including that for foundry operations, which is ca 10 x 10 t/yr, and modest quantities charged to blast furnaces when this is economical. 

Because zinc-based alloys have low melting points, energy savings in the melting operation are substantial and the foundry operation is essentially free of fume. With the current trend of increasing energy costs and pollution control, cost benefits can be considerable (114). 

FIGURE 10.29 ACGIH VS-Print for designing a multiple-nozzfe LVHV exhaust system for dust control ir. foundry operations. ... 

Chemical processing activities involve the recovery of plutonium from Rocky Flats Plant scrap, waste materials and residues, and effluent streams. The final product of this recovery and purification effort is high-purity plutonium metal for use in foundry operations. 

Direct Oxide Reduction. Implementation of the DOR process into production Ts currently underway. Plutonium oxide from foundry operations, hydriding, and other sources is calcined in... 

The metal casting industry conventionally divides casting products into ferrous and nonferrous metals, in particular, iron-based, steel-based, aluminum-based, and copper-based castings. The other castings of low fractions include magnesium, lead, zinc, and their alloys. In the U.S., the foundry industry currently produces 11 million tons of metal product per year, with a shipment value of 19 billion. Of them, iron and steel accounted for 84% of metals cast.5 The remaining 15% of foundry operations are concerned with aluminum, copper, zinc, and lead production. Table 4.2 summarizes critical physical and thermal properties of aluminum, iron/steel, and cast iron. 

Urethanes (alkyd resin plus diisocyanate) bind sand to form a temporary mold in many foundry operations. 

W. Pietsch, Charging with direct-reduced iron may reduce costs, improve chemistry. Foundry Operation Planbook (McGraw-Hill Inc.) (1977)4, 45-48. 

C. Pulmonary infiltrates and hypoxemia are not consistent with pure metal fume fever and if present suggest possible heavy metal pneumonitis resulting from cadmium or other toxic inhalations (eg, phosgene and nitrogen oxides) associated with metal-working, foundry operations, or welding. 

To increase the possibility to measure and control the foundry operation. 

Many foundry operators state the reduction in costs as the sole reason for starting various sand reclamation programmes. Regulations encourage a reduction in the amount of dumped material, through an increase in disposal costs. 

Part handling in foundry operations, serving casting, and injection molding machines... 

Teamwork is widely utilized in the Kokkola plant to improve production efficiency. The main idea is that the operators change their areas of responsibility periodically. Working tasks have been divided into five groups, and every operator is able to take care of all these different tasks and duties. This system activates the continuous development of working routines. A lot of effort has also been invested in the continuous training of personnel to make them understand the background and consequences of their working routines. Five shifts, five operators per shift and five duties have been used. Leaders of the shift teams are also able to supervise the by-product plant, water plant and foundry operations. 

A variety of industries produce phenolic or similar aromatic waste streams, mainly as by-products of specific chemical manufacture, but also associated with coking, refinery, tar distillery and foundry operations. Use of phenolic disinfectants ultimately leads to these compounds appearing in effluents. 

Toluene Vapor Core makers (foundry operation), polyurethane foam makers and users, spray painters, ship welders... 

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