Direct reduced iron

Direct Reduction. Direct reduction processes are distinguished from other ironmaking processes in that iron oxide is converted to metallic iron without melting. Because this product, called direct reduced iron (DRI), is soHd, it is most suitable for melting in an electric arc furnace (EAF) as a substitute for scrap (see Furnaces, electric). The briquetted form of DRI, hot briquetted iron (HBI) is used when the product is to be transported. Briquetting increases density and chemical stabiUty. The predominant direct reduction processes (MIDREX and HyL III) are based on natural gas as a fuel and reductant source. They are economically attractive in regions where natural gas is cheap and abundant, especially if iron ore is available nearby (see Iron BY DIRECT reduction). ... 

Direct reduction (DR) is the process of converting iron ore (iron oxide) into metallic iron without melting. The metallic iron product, known as direct reduced iron (DRI), is used as a high quaUty feed material in steelmaking. 

MIDREX Process. The primary components of a MID REX process plant include the shaft furnace, reformer, and heat recuperator. These components are supported by ancillary systems for handling iron ore, gas, water, and direct reduced iron. A flow sheet is shown in Figure 1. 

R. L. Stephenson, ed.. Direct Reduced Iron—Technology and Economics of Production and Use, ISS/AIME, Warrendale, Pa, 1980. 

Pig iron and iron and steel scrap are the sources of iron for steelmaking in basic-oxygen furnaces. Electric furnaces have rehed on iron and steel scrap, although newer iron sources such as direct-reduced iron (DRI), iron carbide, and even pig iron are becoming both desirable and available (see Iron bydirectreduction). In basic-oxygen furnaces, the pig iron is used in the molten state as obtained from the blast furnace in this form, pig iron is referred to as hot metal. 

Scrap metal Direct reduced iron Hot briquetted iron Cold pig iron Hot metal... 

In a study of the spontaneous exothermic reaction of iron powder or turnings with water in absence of chlorides, rust was found to catalyse the reaction [1]. On drilling holes into steel tubes filled with possibly wet ferrous scrap and sealed some years, they were found to be pressurised. The third tube produced an explosion and jet of flame causing some injury to the driller. This was probably attributable to hydrogen generation [2]. Hazards associated with shipping of direct-reduced iron and arising... 

For 2000, includes small amounts of direct reduced iron. 

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