Foucault method

Les experimentations realisees ont montre les larges possibilites d analyse par la methodes des courants de Foucault, de I evolution des divers caracteristiques metallurgiques. 11 permettent, outre la verification du revetement et la determination de son epaisseur, de dormer par un... 

STOSSEL (A.), Caracterisation de I etat metallurgique des alliages fer-carbone par la methode des courants de Foucault, Doctorate Thesis, University of sciences of Aix-Marseille, 1980,2. 

Due to diffraction effects of micron-sized mirrors in a regular array, commonly used techniques for surface characterization based on interferometry are inefficient. To overcome the diffraction effects we have developed a novel surface characterization method with an incoherent light source, based on the Foucault s knife-edge test (Zamkotsian and Dohlen, 1999). Since Leon Foucault introduced the knife-edge test in the last century (Foucault, 1859), it has been widely used for testing optical surfaces (see Ch. 3). The test offers a simple way of obtaining easily understandable, qualitative information of the surface shape. 

Foucault, like his French predecessor and mentor, Gaston Bachelard, paid particular attention to the primacy in history of discursive breaks and ruptures in knowledge or belief systems.3 In this and in Foucault s emphasis on the relative coercion that disciplines exercised on their practitioners, he made arguments already familiar to Anglo-American scholars acquainted with Kuhn s characterizations of "normal science" and the reasons for a scientific community s coherent outlook. However, unlike Kuhn, Foucault declined to dissect the so-called hard sciences as objects of inquiry, restricting himself to discourses and power relationships in the medical, biological, and social sciences.4 However, Foucault did see the potential in the application of his method for the destruction of the demarcation between scientific and nonscientific spheres of action and belief. 

By the twentieth century these methods were replaced by an innovative technique invented by a Belgian named Foucault, who had learned how to draw up continuous sheets from a tank filled with molten glass. Even this glass was of nonuniform thickness and had some roughness at its surface, therefore, for high quality flat glass, it had to be ground and polished. 

Foucault and the Genealogical Method After May 1968, Foucault shifted the focus of his inquiries from discourse to power. He transformed his archaeological analysis of the anonymous rules of discursive practices into a genealogical account of the relations between these... 

See ibid., pp. 2-16 M. Foucault, On the Archaeology of the Sciences Response to the Epistemology Circle , in F. D. Faubion (ed.), Aesthetics, Method and Epistemology Essential IVorks of Michel Foucault 1954-1984 (1968 New York Tlie New Press, 1998), pp. 297-333, p. 308. See also Golinski, Making Natural Knowledge, pp. 7-8. 

The excitation can be realized by electrostatic, electromagnetic, or piezoelectric methods. The detection is carried out by capacitive, piezoelectric, or piezoresistive techniques. The principle of vibrating gyroscopes can be traced back to Foucault s pendulum in 1851. There are numerous design possibilities for the construction of vibrating gyroscopes [1-5, 9] Fig. 7.2.1 shows one principle. 

The methods which are used for the preparation of HPLEC stationary phases are similar to those which have been developed for soft gel matrices by treating controlled pore glass with 3-(2-aminoethy-lamino)propyl-trimethoxysilane and subsequently perfusing the column with copper sulphate, a copper-chelate support is prepared (Masters and Leyden, 1978). Direct treatment of silica with copper sulphate can also be used (Caude and Foucault, 1979) (Fig. 9.6). Methods used in the preparation of these stationary phases can be found in the literature (Sugden et al., 1980 Caude et al., 1984). 

For Foucault, power is a positive, productive and constmctive force, which creates rather than oppresses, and is expressed rather than possessed. The more it is expressed, the more real it becomes. Foucault developed the concept of the discursive field as a method of relating social institutions, language, subjectivity and power to each other. Contending and conflicting discourses exist in discursive fields, moulding social institutions and processes. To better understand how this power process operates in a particular discursive field, it is worth outlining a research area Foucault himself examined. 

French physicist. In 1845 he and L on Foucault (1819-68) took the first photographs of the sun. In 1849 he measured the speed of light (see Fizeau s method) he also analysed the Doppler effect for light. 

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