Genealogical method

Foucault and the Genealogical Method After May 1968, Foucault shifted the focus of his inquiries from discourse to power. He transformed his archaeological analysis of the anonymous rules of discursive practices into a genealogical account of the relations between these... 

In this chapter we described statistical procedures that are usually classified as taxometric methods. They all rely on the CCK principle but differ in a number of other respects, such as the type of statistic being evaluated and the number of indicators required. Moreover, some procedures differ in relatively small details while others are more distinct. To help readers organize this information, we graphed these relations on a genealogical tree of taxometric methods (see Figure 3.15). Now that we have discussed taxometric procedures, let us briefly consider other statistical methods that can be used in taxometric investigations. 

In the second part of this chapter we described the basic principles of three other families of categorical methods. To help the reader integrate this information with discussions of the taxometric procedures, we plotted another genealogical tree that includes classes of procedures rather than individual methods (see Figure 3.18). 

Figure 3.18. Genealogical tree of families of categorical methods. 

Thus, there seems to be recent consensus that chemistry was a well-established discipline at least a generation before Lavoisier and that some important continuities, for example, in the chemistry of neutral salts, persisted from the early eighteenth century into the nineteenth century. 10 However, the place of Lavoisier remains crucial in the history and genealogy of chemistry, and for our purposes, it is important to look carefully at one particular aspect of the historical mythology about Lavoisier and the "origins" of modern chemistry. 11 Lavoisier wrote in the Opuscules physiques et chimiques (1774) that he "applied to chemistry not only the apparatus and methods of experimental physics but also the spirit of precision and calculation which characterizes that science." 12 In a letter to Benjamin Franklin in 1790, Lavoisier wrote that he had brought chemistry "much closer than heretofore to experimental physics." 13 Here is our particular interest the relation of chemistry and physics. 

Cladistics Method of classification employing genealogies alone in inferring phylogenetic relationships among organisms (see also Phylogeny). 

The reader will recall that in Chapter 2 we gave examples of H2 calculations in which the orbitals were restricted to one or the other of the atomic centers and in Chapter 3 the examples used orbitals that range over more than one nuclear center. The genealogies of these two general sorts of wave functions can be traced back to the original Heitler-London approach and the Coulson-Fisher[15] approach, respectively. For the purposes of discussion in this chapter we will say the former approach uses local orbitals and the latter, nonlocal orbitals. One of the principal differences between these approaches revolves around the occurrence of the so-called ionic structures in the local orbital approach. We will describe the two methods in some detail and then return to the question of ionic stmctures in Chapter 8. 

Goddard[21] made the earliest important generalization to the Coulson-Fisher method. Goddard s generalized VB (GGVB) wave function is written in terms of orbitals that are linear combinations of the AOs. Using the genealogical set of spin functions in turn and... 

Using any of the above methods, the genealogical aspects of these synthetic approaches become obvious in that these synthetic operations involve/manifest all or a portion of the genealogical components listed below ... 

How does the genealogically directed synthesis (GDS) approach compare to these above strategies for the construction of nanoscopic structures The following features differentiate this method ... 

Despite the focus here on theoretical chemistry, a genealogical approach differs from the history-of-ideas tradition in historiography in that ideas do not determine the course of scientific development but instead become one element in a spectrum of resources upon which scientists may draw. When ideas, instruments, and methods become a part of written literature, they also become a part of collective memory which could be reenacted at different historical moments. Central to this story of the Chemical Revolution are the methods or techniques—material, social, and literary—that contribute to the stabilization of a scientific tra-... 

Brian Charlesworth Evolution in age-structured populations Stephen Childress Mechanics of swimming and flying C. Cannings and E. A. Thompson Genealogical and genetic structure Frank C. Hoppensteadt Mathematical methods of population biology... 

As an internal A-electron basis X > we use genealogical spin eigenfunctions. The one-particle coupling coefficients yfj = are evaluated using well known group theoretical methods and stored on disc. We first consider the coefficients needed to calculate the a ijp, kip) and fiiijp, klq)... 

The view of the relation of classification that Simpson brought into the synthesis was a complex one. It was a combination of several divergent views on the question that each had advocates in the late nineteenth century. It combined the purely genealogical clades of Kovalevskii, the continuous grades of Huxley, and the character-based classes of Cope. In that it partially separated classification from the underlying mechanism producing natural order, it differed in philosophy from all pre-Darwinian methods of classification. (1993 25)... 

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